Combustion chamber for heating devices

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of the connection of the second section to the first sec

COMBUSTION CHAMBER FOR HEATING tion. With this design of the combustion chamber ac DEVICES cording to the invention an arrangement is indicated which permits an output regulation over the almost

This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 715,538 5 total output range. This results from the fact that both filed Mar. 25, 1985. the flame form and the region in which the combustion FIELD AND BACKGROUND OF THE takes place inside the combustion chamber can be var INVENTION ied. Thus it can be achieved that the combustion takes place only in the second section of the combustion

This invention relates in general to combustion de 10 chamber, or in both sections or in the entire combustion vices and in particular to a new and useful combustion chamber and that thereby a controllability is obtained. device for a heater or stove. To keep the combustion in the second section and The invention relates to a combustion chamber for thereby to be able to run the smallest output stage, it has heating devices operated with liquid fuel, having a com been found appropriate to give the diaphragm type bustion space with a correlated first section in which 15 insert a circular ring-shaped cross-section, the outer the combustion air supply occurs tangentially, and a edge being bent by about 90 to form an abutment edge further second section, having a pipe with the ignition and means, as well as a connection for a metering pump and tion.the inner edge by about 90 in the opposite direc for an area for spark plug ventilation.

Such combustion chambers are needed for heating tionThe exact angle measurements depend on the installa situation.

devices which are used as household heating systems, e.g. at cooking stations and also for motor independent firstForsection the transition combustion from the second to the the diameter of the passage opening is of vehicle heaters. For household heating systems pressure importance. Appropriately the ratio of the inner diame atomizer burners with wattages starting at about 20 kW ter are known. Smaller wattages down to 12 kW are real 1:1.2 to 1:4, preferably 1:2. the 25 to the outer diameter of diaphragm type insert is

To protect this diaphragm ized with expensive oil preheating, but substantially type smaller wattages are not possible. But devices with aspectinsert against overbearing, according to further of the invention, there is arranged below the relatively low output are required when what is in insert an anti-overheating disc which has a circular volved is e.g. a single cooking station. In vehicle heaters ring-shaped the known devices can be regulated for burner outputs 30 cross-section and is bent at its inner edge by between "Full” (“High”) and “Off", in some vehicle heating disc isform about 90° to an abutment flange. The anti-over adapted to apply by its bent abutment heaters between "Full' and about "one-fourth burner output'. A greater control range is not known at pres flange against the bent inner edge of the diaphragm type ent, although it would be desirable for comfort and also ainsert, the disc being spaced from the insert and having somewhat smaller outside diameter than the inner so as to have to ignite only once in a heating interval, 35 diameter of the second section. while in the known heating systems with thermostat control the control occurs by On/Off switching; this For the form of the hot combustion gases or of the leads to increased current consumption from the vehicle flame passing from the second section via the first sec battery and may lead to premature discharge of the tion into the combustion chamber, the matching of the battery, the more so as such heaters are operated prefer exit openings is essential. A further feature of the inven ably at standstill, that is, with the engine turned off. tion therefore is that the side of the plate toward the In such heating devices the fuel supply occurs by combustion space has a surface ascending from about means of a pulse-controlled metering pump. In this case the inner edge to a flange forming horizontal section at it is possible by means of a frequency regulator, through the outer edge. Thereby a flame form from dish-shaped a thermostat, to regulate the output of the heating 45 to ray-shaped can be adjusted. Advantageously, the equipment to a certain extent by varying the pump angle of inclination of the ascending surface is between frequency, as for instance in a range of from 1:4 to about 15 and 90', preferably 20'.

1:8. For the connection of the combustion chamber wall The invention provides a combustion chamber, by and possibly also of a heat component it is appropriate the construction and design of which its output range 50 to provide contiguous to the ascending surface of the becomes variable, so that the control range of the heat plate on both sides a plane section, and according to a ing equipment is substantially expanded. At the same variant, the plate is formed in its plane inner section to time the combustion space is to be suitable for installa receive a flame guiding insert. According to the inven tion either with the axis vertical or with the axis hori tion, the ascending surface may be concave, this leading Zontal. 55 to an especially good contact of the combustion gases or The combustion chamber includes a first section sep of the flame. The further sub-claims indicate appropri arated from the combustion space by a plate having a ate realizations of the flame guiding insert. This flame central passage opening and which comprises a trun guiding insert contributes essentially to the flame form. cated cone-shaped portion with a cylindrical prolonga Accordingly it is an object of the invention to pro tion with the tapered part of the truncated cone-shaped 60 vide an improved combustion device which includes a portion pointing toward the combustion space and plate having an opening which communicates with the being provided with a pipe for tangential combustion top of a combustion housing having an upper portion air supply. A second section is pot-shaped and is con with a tangential combustion air inlet and a lower por nected at its open side with the first section and has a tion for ignition of the burnable products which is con lateral pipe. The lateral pipe is designed to receive the 65 nected with a lateral pipe containing a spark plug igniter spark plug ventilation line which extends from the first and a fuel supply into the pipe along with a recirculat section to the lateral pipe of the second section. An ing passage extending from the upper combustion pas internal diaphragm type insert is arranged in the region sage back to the ignition and fuel supply plate which

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connects into the ignition portion of the combustion opening 14. Tangentially to the second section 3 a com chamber. bustion air supply pipe 15 is arranged. In the region of A further object of the invention is to provide an the connection of the first section 2 to the second sec improved device which may function as a heater or tion 3 a diaphragm type insert 16 is arranged, which has cooker. 5 an abutting edge 17 bent toward the combustion space 1 A further object of the invention is to provide a com and an edge 18 bent in the opposite direction and which bustion device which is simple in design, rugged in serves to keep the combustion in the first section 2. construction and economical to manufacture. Spaced from this diaphragm type insert 16 an overheat The various features of novelty which characterize ing protection disc 19 with an abutting flange 20 is the invention are pointed out with particularity in the 10 arranged in such a way that this disc 19 applies by its claims annexed to and forming a part of this disclosure. flange 20 against the outside of the inner edge 18 of For a better understanding of the invention, its operat insert 16 and has an air slit 21 opposite the horizontal ing advantages and specific objects attained by its uses, section of insert 16. The outside diameter of disc 19 does reference is made to the accompanying drawings and not abur on the cylindrical prolongation 4 of section 2. descriptive matter in which preferred embodiments of 15 Thereby overheating protection is achieved. the invention are illustrated. On its side toward the combustion space 1, plate 13

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

has an oblique surface 25 ascending from about the inner edge 22 to a flange forming horizontal section 23

In the drawings: at the outer edge 24. The slanting surface 25 may be FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a combustion device 20 concave and furthermore, at the inner edge 22, a like constructed in accordance with the invention; wise plane surface 26 may be formed. It serves in partic FIG. 2 is a sectional view similar to FIG. 1 showing ular for receiving a flame guiding insert 29 with inte a modified arrangement in accordance with another gally formed abutting flange 26. Depending on the de embodiment of the invention; and sired flame form, the flame guiding insert 28 or 29 may FIGS. 3 and 4 are views similar to FIG. 2 of still 25 be cylindrical, in the form of a hollow truncated cone or further embodiments of the invention. like a nozzle. Bores 27 in plate 13 serve for the connec

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERREED

tion of the combustion space wall or respectively of a

EMBODIMENTS

heat jacket and the exhaust gas discharge elements.

The controllability of the combustion chamber re

Referring to the drawings in particular the invention 30 sults physically by a change of the air excess number, . embodied therein comprises a heating device which i.e. the air excess is changed. With the arrangement includes a plate 13 having an opening providing a com according to the invention this is possible at constant bustion area over the opening designated 1. A housing combustion air throughput. This results from the fact below the plate has a combustion whirling upper por that the first section 2 of the combustion chamber is tion 3 connected to the opening of the plate and a lower 35 designed as an ignition and small combustion space and ignition combustion chamber 2 below the upper por the second section 3 acts as twist generating antecham tion. A dividing wall is formed between the upper and ber with a swirl zone. The fuel is supplied via the igni lower portions of the combustion chambers 2 and 3 and tion element 6 to the first section 2, namely via the has a central gas passage therebetween which is formed laterally arranged pipe 5. The combustion air is supplied by their flanged interengagement. via the tangential combustion air inlet 15 arranged at the Ignition means includes a spark plug 6 contained in second section 3, and between the second section 3 and the lateral pipe 5 which connects into the ignition and pipe 5 there exists as connection the spark plug ventila small combustion space 2. The liquid fuel is supplied tion 8, so that the air required for ignition and combus through a fuel line 7 into the pipe 5. Combustion air tion is supplied.

which enters through an inlet 15 is whirled in the com 45 In the interior of section 3, in a swirl zone 30, the bustion chamber space 3 and a portion of the gases are combustion air entering the second section 3 tangen circulated back through a spark plug vent which con tially forms eddys, against wall 9 of section 3 it forms an nects into the lateral pipe of around the spark plug 6. abutting boundary layer which constitutes a radiation In FIG. 1 is shown the combustion chamber consist protection, so that both cooling out and the formation ing of a combustion space 1 with a first section 2 and a 50 of depositions of unburned particles is prevented. Via second section 3. Not shown is the combustion space the spark plug ventilation 8 combustion air gets into the wall as well as means for exhaust gas removal and the antechamber of pipe 5, so that a combustion takes place. structural parts which are not part of the invention. In Additional air required for combustion in the first sec the embodiment the first section 2 of the combustion tion 2 is sucked off the second section 3, so that at small chamber is pot-shaped and comprises at its jacket, that 55 est output the combustion takes place in the first section is, at its cylindrical prolongation, a lateral pipe 5 for 2. Thereby a heating also of the combustion air in the connection of the spark plug 6. The fuel is supplied into second section 3 occurs and due to the design according the pipe 5 via the connection 7. The fuel may be selec to invention the hot combustion gas or hot air gets into tively diesel fuel or gasoline. The air required to initiate the combustion space 1 and can be taken off at the limit combustion is supplied via the spark plug ventilation 8. ing wall thereof for space or area heating, e.g. for the This ventilation occurs via a line between the lateral heating of a hotplate (cooling plate). Upon variation of pipe 5 and the second section 3. the fuel quantity, the combustion advances ever farther The second section 3 of the combustion chamber into the second section 3 and finally takes place there, includes a truncated cone-shaped portion 9 followed by the flame being able to extend into the combustion a cylindrical section 10 and is connected with the first 65 space 1 in order thus to reach the maximum output. section 2 by a flange union 11/12. Contiguous to the By the configuration of the plate 13 and the matching section of smaller diameter of part 9, toward the com of the outlet openings or respectively the geometry of bustion space 1, is a plate 13 with a central passage the flame guiding insert 28 or 29, the shape of the flame

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or of the combustion gas emerging into combustion said members having flanges that abut each other, said space 1 can be determined. Thus, in the case of a house disc dividing said portions having an outer diameter hold heating system with cooking possibility a short engaged against an inside of said members and an inner construction with dish-shaped, flat, and hence area diameter defining said central gas passage. heating action is desired, whereas for use, e.g. as vehicle 5 3. A device according to claim 1, wherein said disc heating equipment a ray shaped admission is desired. including an inner diameter with an inner edge extend It is of advantage further that the arrangement ac ing into said lower ignition combustion chamber por cording to the invention can be operated both with tion, said disc having an outer abutting edge at said vertical and with horizontal axis. The regulation can be outer diameter extending into said combustion products effected by varying the fuel quantity stepwise or slid O whirling upper portion and over said abutting flanges of ingly, the fuel transport occurs through a known meter said pot-shaped members, said edges of said plate being ing pump and hence is largely independent of viscosity.

An additional regulation to smallest outputs is possible axially and an aligned with said axis of said central gas passage, overheating protection wall connected to said by reducing the combustion air quantity, so that in all a inner edge and extending radially outwardly thereof in wide control range exists. 15 said lower ignition combustion portion, said wall being

While specific embodiments of the invention have spaced from said disc and having a central opening been shown and described in detail to illustrate the through which said central gas passage of said disc application of the principles of the invention, it will be passes, understood that the invention may be embodied other smaller said wall having an outer diameter which is than said outer diameter of said disc.

wise without departing from such principles. 20 4. A device according to claim 3, wherein said pot

What is claimed is:

shaped 1. A low capacity variable output heating device for in the form member forming said upper chamber portion is vehicles and households comprising a plate having a ter of a truncated cone having a smaller diame central opening, means defining a combustion area on at said central opening of said plate and a larger one side of said plate communicating with the opening, 25 diameterdevice at said disc.

a housing on an opposite side of said plate having an has5. aAslanting according to claim 2, wherein said plate surface around the opening thereof as upper end with a combustion product whirling upper cending from said opening.

portion connected to the opening of said plate, and a lower ignition combustion chamber portion below said has a plane inner surface to 6. A device according claim 2, wherein said plate facing said upper portion and upper portion, a dividing disc between said combustion 30 a flame guiding insert around said opening extending products whirling upper portion and said lower ignition combustion chamber portion, said disc having a central into said upper portion.

gas passage therethrough between said upper and lower 7. A device according to claim 2, wherein said insert portions, ignition and fuel supply pipes extending later has a ratio of its inner diameter to its outer diameter in ally into said lower ignition combustion chamber por 35 the range from between 1:1.2 to 1:4. tion, ignition means in said ignition supply pipe, a liquid 8. A device according to claim 5, wherein the angle fuel supply directed into said fuel supply pipe and ignit of inclination of the slanting surface of said plate is ing therein and said ignited fuel supply flowing into said between 15 and 90'.

lower ignition combustion products whirling upper 9. A device according to claim 2, wherein said plate portion, a venting pipe extending from said combustion 40 has a plane inner surface facing said upper portion and products whirling upper portion downwardly into said guiding insert around said opening extending into said ignition supply pipe, and a combustion air inlet duct upper portion.

connected tangentially into said combustive products 10. A device according to claim 5, wherein said plate whirling upper portion near said plate, combustion has a flame guiding insert extending through the open gases being formed in said combustion products whirl 45 ing thereof comprising a hollow cylinder having a pe ing upper portion exiting through the central opening of ripheral flange engaged on said plate. said plate and into said combustion area. 11. A device according to claim 2, wherein said igni 2. A device according to claim 1, wherein said hous tion pipe extends in an angle of from 30 to 90 relative ing being formed of two pot-shaped members with one to a longitudinal axis ofksaid housing. member being inverted in respect to the other, each of 50 k k