Method for Making a Gas from an Aqueous Fluid, Product of the Method, and Apparatus Therefor

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METHOD FOR MAKING A GAS FROMAN 0012. The aqueous fluid is provided to a reaction Zone AQUEOUS FLUID, PRODUCT OF THE which is preferably closed off so to allow the reaction to occur METHOD, AND APPARATUS THEREFOR under pressure. An alkali salt is preferably used as an elec trolyte dissolved in distilled water. Preferred alkali salts are

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide and sodium hydrox APPLICATIONS ide. The specific gravity of the alkali salt in the solution is above 1.0. Most preferably, potassium hydroxide is employed 0001. This is a continuation-in-part and claims the benefit at a specific gravity from at least above 1.0 up to about 1.2. If of copending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11,738,476 another electrolyte is chosen other than potassium hydroxide filed on Apr. 21, 2007. a mole ratio must be calculated for that substance so that the maximum mole ratio represented by the specific gravity of

STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY 1.2 provided for potassium hydroxide will not be exceeded. SPONSORED RESEARCH ORDEVELOPMENT These specific gravity values are as determined by a refrac 0002. Not applicable. tometer which provides readings that are temperature com pensated. Most preferably, the electrolyte employed is potas

TECHNICAL FIELD sium hydroxide (powder form) dissolved in distilled water at a concentration Sufficient to form a solution having up to 1.2 0003. This invention relates to the generation of a purified specific gravity. A suitable refractometer is the Westover stable gas from an aqueous fluid, wherein said gas may be Model RHA-100, portable refractometer. stored under pressure and uses for the gas. 0013 Aqueous fluid is contained in a receptacle which can be made out of a variety of materials including sheet steel,

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION stainless steel, CV-PVC and epoxy resin fiberglass. The appa ratus and internal devices need to be heat resistant and water 0004 Electrolysis of water is known to produce hydrogen proof. The reaction Zone is comprised of said aqueous fluid. gas (H) at the cathode and oxygen gas (O) at the anode. Due 0014. The aqueous fluid is placed in a reaction Zone in the to the high heat of the chambers, water vapor also resulted method of the invention. Overall, the method employs cre from this process. If the hydrogen gas and oxygen gas were ation of a magnetic field in the aqueous fluid and periodic not effectively separated, such methods resulted in an impure collapse of the magnetic field under conditions which do not gaseous product that could not be effectively compressed or provoke electrolysis of the aqueous fluid. Under these condi stored under pressure for industrial applications in a single tions, a single gas is generated and collected. This gas has container, and was deemed explosive and dangerous. Thus, it desirable properties and is useful for applications. remained desirable to develop a method by which a useful, 0015. In a first step of the method, a magnetic field is stable, purified, compressible single gas could be formed applied to the reaction Zone. Preferably, the magnetic field is from water or an aqueous fluid. applied by providing a source of electric power to said reac BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS tion Zone. An electric current in said reaction Zone provides a magnetic field.

0005 FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic of a preferred reaction 0016. In a preferred embodiment, two metallic end plates chamber for the invention. having an inside Surface and an outside Surface, and having 0006 FIGS. 2-3 illustrate the inventor's conception of the the capacity to conduct an electrical current are used in the nature of the gas as formed from the process disclosed herein. reaction Zone in opposing configuration. The inside of each 0007 FIG. 4 illustrates graphs showing the absorption of end plate is partially submerged in the electrolyte solution. Vitamin C by cells treated with SG Gas-infused Water and The metallic plates are preferably comprised of nickel alloy control. FIG. 4A shows the effect on basolateral cells and or stainless steel, but any metal can be used as long as Such FIG. 4B on apical cells. metal has the capacity to conduct an electric current and is 0008 FIG. 5 illustrates properties of SG Gas-infused preferably resistant to erosion by alkali solutions. One of said Water. metallic plates serves as a cathode and the other as an anode. The cathode and anode should be separated a sufficient dis

DETAILED DESCRIPTION tance so that a magnetic field forms when current is applied to the reaction Zone. The distance between the plates must be 0009. A method for generating a gas having desirable greater than one inch (2.5 cm) in the method of the invention properties is herein disclosed. In addition, methodology for and is preferably eight to sixteen inches apart. This distance is purifying said gas is disclosed. Applicants refer to this gas as independent of the volume of the aqueous fluid employed or SG Gas. size of the reaction Zone.

0010 Applicanthereby incorporates U.S. Ser. No. 11/738, 0017. There is a relationship between the concentration of 476 filed on Apr. 21, 2007 by reference as if fully set forth electrolyte solution and the amperage which will exist in the herein. aqueous fluid upon application of current thereto. The higher 0011. In a first step of the method, an aqueous fluid is the specific gravity, the greater the amperage will result. This provided to a reaction Zone. While various aqueous fluids, will also affect the strength of the magnetic field, and increase Such as distilled water, tap water, or water taken from a river, the temperature of the solution. Electrolysis (used industri stream, lake or the like may be used to generate electrical ally to produce hydrogen gas via the reaction 2HO(1)->2H current at satisfactory levels, it is preferred to use an electro (g)+O(g)) which is not desired in the method of the inven lyte solution for the aqueous fluid of standardized composi tion, could occur if the current is too high. The current may be tion so that the conditions of the method can be better stan too high if the specific gravity of the electrolyte exceeds the dardized for maximum yield of gas. equivalent of 1.2 for potassium hydroxide.

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0018. In order for the magnetic field to be applied to the 0023 The important functionalities in the process are reaction Zone, a power source (e.g., 110 Volts DC) is applied imposition of a magnetic field on the aqueous fluid and the respectively to the anode and to the cathode. ability to periodically collapse the magnetic field to generate 0019. An appropriate power source that may be used in the the desired gas, under conditions short of those that will method of the invention is 110 volt alternating current which induce electrolysis. Other means which provide for these has been converted to direct current using a rectifying process functionalities can be used. For example, in an alternative (e.g., a diode bridge device). Any standard power or Voltage embodiment, wires could be inserted instead of plates in the Source may be used as long as it is rectified to direct current. reaction Zone and when current passes from one wire through When an electric current is applied to the reaction Zone, a the aqueous fluid to the other wire, a magnetic field would be magnetic field is created in the reaction Zone, which periodi produced. In another exemplary alternative, a wire coil out cally collapses and causes the conversion of the water in the side the reaction Zone could be used to which a source of DC aqueous fluid into gas. Cyclic pulsation will be present in power can be supplied to create a primary magnetic field in current even after alternating current is converted to direct the reaction Zone. A wire coil placed in the middle of the current (for example a 60 cycle pulsation from household Solution can serve as a secondary magnetic field and when current) unless a smoothing circuit has been incorporated. powered in the opposite direction of the current flow in pulses This resulting cyclic pulsation is employable in the invention would collapse the primary field and create the necessary to periodically collapse the magnetic field, however using an reaction to form the gas. Such a coil would be similar in auxiliary pulsing unit is preferably used in the method of the concept to an automobile coil.

invention so that better regulation of pulsing may be 0024. When water is converted into gas, the natural con employed. Any means for causing the electric current pro version from liquid to gas creates an increase in Volume and vided to the reaction Zone to pulse at a frequency of 15 to 20 thus an increase in pressure within the reaction Zone. While kilohertz decreases the wattage needed to create gas by standard atmospheric pressure is about 14.7 psi at sea level. approximately a factor of 10. The amount of energy needed to the pressure in the closed reaction Zone is maintained generate one (1) liter of gas is 0.0028 kilowatt-hour and with between 30 and 100 psi by using a check valve at the outlet of a pulsing device associated with the reaction Zone, the the reaction chamber to control it, since maximum gas pro amount drops to 0.00028 kilowatt-hour or less to generate one duction occurs in this pressure range. (1) liter of gas. 0025 Now referring to FIG. 1, a schematic of a reaction 0020. As the pulsing occurs, the stationary magnetic field chamber is illustrated. Cathode (1) and anode (2) are in alternatively collapses and is reinstated. It has been found that opposing configuration, preferably more than one inch apart a reaction occurs in the electrolyte solution between the two and most preferably eight to sixteen inches apart. In the end plates upon collapse of the magnetic field, which results process of the invention, a current is passed through an aque in a release of a generated gas. Some of the same gas will be ous fluid (3) and the current flow through the electrolyte pulled toward the individual plates and released as part of the creates a magnetic field. The electricity is pulsed, which generated gas. collapses the magnetic field with each pulse of electricity. 0021. In a pilot plant apparatus for determining optimal This produces the gas at a very efficient rate in the area of the conditions, a clear Plexiglas receptacle can be used for the solution between the electrodes, as denoted by (4) in FIG. 1. reaction Zone, so that one can visibly monitor the reaction The gas produced may be collected from the reaction Zone with ultraviolet light and observe the generation of gas. This through gas outlet (5) and subjected to further purification as pilot plant preferably provides adjustment means for the cath taught herein.

ode and anode so that they can be moved to optimize the 0026. The generated gas is then preferably exposed to a reaction for a given aqueous fluid composition and changes in second magnetic field by providing a second reaction Zone pulsing duration and frequency. comprising of rare earth magnets. The strength of the rare 0022 Gas is generated not only at the electrodes but also earth magnets should be greater than fifty (50) Gauss units. appears as bubbles in the body of water between the elec Gas flows through a chamber exposed to rare earth magnets trodes. It has been found that use of minimal electric currents for purification. Rare earth magnets, dense metal magnets between two electrodes results from the electrodes being typically made from a composite of neodymium, iron and spread a sufficient distance apart of at least one inch (2.5 cm) boron with or without a nickel coating or plating, are attached and preferably eight to sixteen inches apart, thereby creating to the exterior of the chamber. Since SG Gas is paramagnetic the aforesaid magnetic field enveloping the reaction chamber. and water vapor is diamagnetic the magnetic chamber A pure gas is produced in the body of aqueous fluid between strengthens the molecular bond of the gas and repels the water the electrodes, without the production of a high levels of heat vapor back into the solution.

that would cause the water to vaporize (212°F.). Rather, the 0027. The purified SG Gas may be used immediately or reaction Zone remains at a temperature not exceeding 120°F. compressed and stored in a gas storage tank. Purified SG Gas dependent on ambient temperature. Normally, there is a 30°F. may be allowed to flow out of said second reaction Zone temperature rise above ambient temperature assuming room directly to a torch attachment, to a compressor for storage in temperature 90° F. The collection chambers contain no a pressurized vessel, or gas outflow valve for infusion into increase in oxygen gas, no increase in hydrogen gas, and no water or other Substances.

noticeable water vapor. Thus, costs are lowered, production 0028. In a method for making a compressible, stable gas speed increases, and the resulting gas is uniform in its prop with desirable properties, SG Gas is made according to the erties. Also important, the resulting homogeneous gas can be method of the invention. SG Gas can then be safely com pumped into a stainless steel cylinder and has been found to pressed and stored. SG Gas can be compressed above 1,000 be stable and not explosive under pressures of over 1000 lb. psi. SG Gas also can be stored in a pressurized vessel.

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0029. In an exemplary procedure for compression, SG Gas electrical arc) thus combustion of the gas occurs. The heat of is discharged from the apparatus into a hose with a compres the resulting flame on the Subject torch has a temperature of sor attached. We use a Whirlwind Compressor, Model 2200-2 approximately 270° F.

HPE, manufactured by High Pressure Eng. Co., Inc. A can 0038. When an air/propane torch is burning, a small ister with pressure gauges is used to fill the chamber with SG amount of SG Gas is introduced into the air mixing chamber Gas, using a hose to transport the SG Gas from the apparatus of a lit propane torch, a single uniform flame cone becomes and compressor into the canister. We use an empty oxygen visible demonstrating a more efficient conversion of hydro tank that has been vacuumed to remove any residual oxygen carbon and more heat from combustion of hydrocarbon, and water. The empty and vacuumed oxygen tank with pres meaning it has a use as a fuel extender. One use is injection of sure valve has a manufacturer name of White Martins, ABRE SG Gas into an air intake of a combustion engine thereby with dimensions of 23" diameter and 19" height. SG Gas is reducing harmful exhaust emissions and increasing fuel effi placed under pressure in the compression chamber up to and ciency. A by-product of this process is the creation of water beyond 1,000 psi. for storage of SG Gas. during the combustion cycle that generates Steam. The steam 0030 SG Gas remains stable and under pressure for one causes an increase in the torque generated by the engine month and longer. To test its stability, wood chips were placed resulting in greater power output. Depending upon the type of in a stainless steel tank and the tank filled with SG Gas. The fuel, SG Gas extends fuel efficiency by a factor between 2 and wood chips absorbed SG Gas and additional SG Gas was used 10.

to refill the chamber and maintain a 30 psi. Once the wood 0039. When ignited purified gas contacts another sub chips were saturated with SG Gas, the tank was decom stance, melting occurs within a short period of time, usually pressed and pressure reduced to 0 psi. For a period of over 30 less than one minute. The results of some examples of Sub days, no pressure was generated assuming that no outgassing stances exposed to ignited purified SG Gas may be found in of SG Gas occurred. The wood chips displayed different burn Table 1.

properties after 60 days when compared to that of the non treated wood chips. The treated wood chips with absorbed SG TABLE 1 Gas burned more efficiently when compared to that of non treated wood chips thereby demonstrating the stability of the Effect of Ignited Purified Gas on Various Substances SG Gas bond with the treated wood chips. Effect on Exposure to 0031 Analytical Testing and Observations of SG Gas Ignited Purified SG Under Pressure Maximum Pressure: SG Gas imploded when Gas (one minute or pressures exceeded 1,600 psi. Safe Pressurization: SG Gas Substance Melting Point less). remains safe and stable at pressures around 1,000 psi for over Stainless Steel 2,600° F. Melting. 30 days. SG Gas should remain stable under pressure indefi Steel 1,330 F. Melting. nitely, at least for a Sufficient period of time to allow said gas Copper 1984 F. Melting. to be utilized at time 30-60 days after generation. Ceramic 10,000 and 12,000° F. Melting. Tar Sands Sand converted to 0032. The purified SG Gas was tested and exhibited prop glass and metals were erties of a pure, homogeneous gas that was found to be com separated out of the sand matrix.

pressible as Stated above, safe, also able to oxidize any non Concrete Creates a glassy oxidized Substrate its flame contacts and able to reduce any molten Surface which completely oxidized substrate its flame contacts. The follow can adhere to metal ing characteristics were observed. when cooled. Glass Melts. Flame and 0033 Ultra-violet Light Test: Exhibits a blue gray color true colors are appearance compared to untreated distilled water which achieved with no exhibits no color, when exposed to an ultra-violet light, manu carbon flakes or residue embedded factured by Zelco Industries Model 10015. inside the glass. 0034 Balloon: Islighter than air and causes balloons filled therewith to rise.

0035 Cooling: The Balloon Filled with Purified Gas: Bal 0040. In lieu of melting a substrate, ignited purified gas loon remains inflated at or below -10° F. may be applied to a Substrate with a view toward capturing the 0036 Ignition: The purified SG Gas produced according generated heat as a useful product. The heat generated can be to the above method was tested for ignition properties. The transferred to a Substance Such as air or water, thereby pro purified gas, when lit with an ignition Source Such as a spark, ducing hot air or steam that can then be used industrially, Such causes an implosion. The temperature of the flame produced as for example to drive a turbine or piston-type engine for upon ignition was estimated to be about 270° F. using an production of mechanical energy. In a preferred method, the infrared temperature device (Raynger ST2L infrared tem flame of the SG gas can be applied to a substrate in conduit perature device). However, when materials are exposed to the form having an inside Surface and an outside surface. A Sub flame, which creates a chemical reaction with the material, stance such as forced air or water can flow thorough the base metals will rapidly rise to melt temperature points, conduit adjacent the inside surface of the conduit. The flame releasing heat and converting the gas back into water (H2O). of the SG gas can be applied to the outside surface of the 0037 Purified SG Gas was discharged from the reaction conduit which causes the heat-generating reaction to occur. Zone through a hose with a torch attached. On the gas output The heat is then transferred to the substance flowing through of the apparatus, a flash-back arrestor is recommended. The the conduit, preventing melting of the Surface but creating a gas may be exposed to an ignition Source (e.g., spark or useful heated fluid that can be used in further applications. An

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exemplary conduit is a metal tube or pipe, such as copper 0048. Other Parameters Monitored: During infusion of SG tubing. It has been further determined that SG Gas can be Gas into purified water, a drop in TDS (Total Dissolved Sol infused into other Substances, rendering a useful product. ids) concentration, conductivity and resistively can be mea 0041 Candles: SG Gas infused into melted paraffin wax Sured. An appropriate measuring device is a Control Com and poured into a mold with a wick will create candles that pany TraceableTM #4063CC meter.

burn with lower carbon emission as observed using a Pace 0049 pH Test: Lab tests show that distilled water had a pH 400 Four Gas Analyzer. of 6.8 and when infused with SG Gas had a pH change to 7.6. 0042 Fluids: The gas had an affinity for water and other 0050 Ice Cubes: SG Gas remains in SG Gas-infused liquids including fuels but bubbled from the liquids after Water or polarized water until freezing temperatures when the reaching a saturation point. One novel use of the gas is infus SG Gas forms a gas bubble within the ice cube itself, some ing it back into water to create ionized or polarized water. The times producing on the Surface of the ice cubes, capillary resulting gas-infused water creates Smaller water clusters that tubes where the SG Gas escapes.

are believed to permit faster cellular absorption and hydra 0051. Ultraviolet Light Exposure: SG Gas-infused Water tion. was tested for the effects of ultraviolet light exposure. A clear 0043. In an exemplary method for infusing SG Gas into spray bottle containing SG Gas-infused Water or polarized water, SG Gas is discharged from the reaction Zone into a hose water placed in the Florida Sun for over two years remained with a ceramic diffuser attached. For treating large Volumes clearinappearance and without algae growth which had been of water, a ceramic block diffuser may be used. The diffusers observed in water not infused with SG Gas under similar are used to reduce the size of the SG Gas bubbles to improve conditions.

efficiency of water absorption. SG Gas may also be stored 0.052 Magnets: A drop of SG Gas-infused Water clings to under pressure, then infused into water. the Surface of a magnet longer when compared to that of 0044. It is preferred to infuse water that has gone through untreated water.

a distillation process prior to infusion of SG Gas into treated 0053. Many uses have been found for SG Gas-infused water with less than 1 ppm TDS (Total Dissolved Solids). One Water. Table 2 lists some of these uses. may use an absorption graph to determine time required for achieving desired absorption of SG Gas into water. The typi TABLE 2 cal rate of 30% absorption is approximately one hour to treat 100 gallons of water. A higher saturation of SG Gas up to USES FOR SG GAS INFUSED WATER 100% of total absorption occurs with more infusion of SG

Gas into water over time. The actual time and percentage of Advantages Provided Over

absorption of SG Gas are affected by the purity of water, volume of water, size of gas bubbles, temperature and other Drinking water for human and Efficient cellular absorption and factors. animal consumption and hydration removal of toxins. 0045. The resulting ionized or polarized water (“SG Gas Water for food and health Pure form of water that improves Supplement manufacturing, product quality, shelf life, nutrient infused Water) clings longer to a magnet when compared to preparation, and cooking benefits, absorption, and taste. that of regular water. Absorption over time or Saturation Water for cleaning and enhancing Reduced need for emulsifiers and graphs to monitor changes in the water properties infused effectiveness of cleansers Surfactants. with SG Gas including capacitance levels may be prepared. Water for plants and crops Greater size of plants, improved plant including hydroponics, floral quality, longer viability, and reduced

FIG.5 shows a typical absorption overtime graph for infusion arrangements and turf scale buildup including in hydroponic of SG Gas into water. Subsequently, one may measure capaci (golf courses) water containers. tance levels in the treated water over a time period exceeding Fertilizer solution for application Higher yield and more vigorous on plants and crops growth.

30 days to demonstrate that the gas in water is stable. Other Water for aquariums and fish Greater size of fish. measurement: Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) dropped from a farming start of 0.33 ppm in untreated distilled water to a finish of 0.17 Water systems including long-term Less algae growth resulting from ppm after infusion of SG Gas into distilled water for a period water storage, municipal Supplies antibacterial properties. of approximately 11 minutes. A Fluke 189 True RMS Multi and in-home treatment systems

Steam, air heating and air Less algae or mold growth for cleaner meter was used to measure drop in capacitance. conditioning systems air circulation systems. 0046 Storage of SG Gas in Water: The resulting polarized Refrigeration systems Less mold accumulation. water with SG Gastreatment remains stable and can be stored Industrial scrubbers Less algae growth and scale buildup o maintain scrubbing efficiency.

for 2 years or more. The actual maximum storage time has yet Industrial products and processes Reduce or eliminate need to use to be observed but in theory, SG Gas should remain perma including oil, gas and tar sand petroleum-based solvents. nently stable in the water. extraction

Pharmaceutical and medicine Efficient carrier of medicines and 0047 Absorption: During infusion of SG Gas into purified manufacturing removal of by-products from water, we used a Fluke 189 True RMS Multimeter to measure medicines and solvent carriers. drop in capacitance. The absorption overtime graph is plotted Skin treatment products Hydration of skin cells, improved to monitor the drop in capacitance. The first capacitance drop absorption of moisturizers, and during initial infusion of SG Gas into a gallon of purified reduction in pigment changes due to Sun damage.

water occurs within the first three minutes of infusion. After Wound treatment products Faster healing and pain relief. that time, the capacitance gradually drops until the point of Respiratory reliefused in improved breathing with less Snoring. maximum saturation of SG Gas is typically reached between humidifier systems

Eye relief products Relief for irritated eyes and eight and 20 minutes depending on variables including initial hydration.

purity of water, size of gas bubbles, and volume of water to be Dental care products Removal or inhibit plaque and stains treated. The resulting treated or infused water is referred on teeth. herein as “SG Gas-infused Water herein.

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infused Water was about 4 times higher than the control

TABLE 2-continued counterpart. (Hu, 2008 (unpublished communication).

USES FOR SG GAS INFUSED WATER

Results are provided in FIG. 6.

0.058 Plant Growth: In a controlled greenhouse setting,

Advantages Provided Over four groups of ivy plants were watered using (1) 100% well

Use Untreated Water water, (2) mix of /3 mix SG Gas-infused Water and 2% well Cosmetics and beauty Supplies Less need for chemical binders and water, (3) mix of 2/3 SG Gas-infused Water and /3 well water, more resistant to contamination and (4) 100% SG Gas-infused Water. The ivy plants were buildup in cosmetics; improved hair harvested and dehydrated to allow measurement of dry plant growth. mass. The fourth group of 100% SG Gas-infused Water had

Water features including Cleaner water with less or no chlorine over 16 percent increase in mass when compared to that the

Swimming pools, spas, hot tubs, and chemical additives.

waterfalls, fountains, water first group of well water. (Reiser, 2006 (private communica amusement parks tion).

0059 Fish Growth: Two home aquariums were used to 0054 Use in Process of Tar Sands Extraction: Conven hold two respective groups of goldfish. SG Gas was bubbled tional water with petroleum solvents used in the separation of into one aquarium and the second with air for a period of tar from sand was replaced with SG Gas-infused Water. SG thirty days. It was observed that the goldfish in the former Gas-infused Water was heated (no petroleum solvent added) aquarium aerated by SG Gas grew at least 15 percent more with a sample of tar sands in a pan to approximately 160°F. and the aquarium tank remained cleaner with less algae growth.

Tar was observed separating from the sand, providing a 0060 Wound Treatment and Healing: The polarization Of cleaner and more efficient process with less by-products and the SG Gas-infused Water provides natural anti-bacterial and emissions released from tar extraction. non-toxic anti-infective properties that promote healing of 0055. Use for Improved Cleaning: For laundry, one may Superficial and multi-layer wounds and a reduction in pain add a quantity (/3 of a gallon in a standard washing machine perception. A fifty-year old woman burned herself by acci tub of 12 gallons for medium load and 16 gallons for large dentally spilling Scalding-hot coffee onto her hand. Upon load) of SG Gas-infused Water to the soap cycle of a top seeking medical attention, a physician advised the patient that loading washing machine and the remaining water (approxi she may have to undergo abridement or dead skin removal mately 2/3 of a gallon) is added to the rinse cycle. The polar and possible skin graft surgery. The patient washed the ized characteristic and smaller molecular size of SG Gas affected area with SG Gas-infused, purified water and applied infused Water enable the detergent and water solution to more a medicinal ointment. The wound was wrapped with a sterile thoroughly penetrate the cloth fabric and remove the dirt and gauze and the gauze was moistened to keep the wound grime. The addition of SG Gas-infused Water to the rinse hydrated with SG Gas-infused Water. The patient reported an assists in completely removing the Soap residue that may immediate and on-going lessening of pain with the applica contain residual dirt from the fabric. This process results in tion of SG Gas-infused Water. Over the period often days cleaner and stain-free laundry with less body oil and bacteria with repeating these treatment steps involving changing of buildup. Laundry without these SG Gas-infused Water addi the moistened sterile gauze on at least a daily basis, the site of tives display less brilliant whites and retain a pungent odor the wound developed new skin with minimal evidence of Scaring.

caused by residual bacteria living in the fabric of the washed 0061. Upon cessation of the treatment regime when the clothes.

upper skin layer appeared to be healed, blisters appeared on 0056 Reduced Use of Emulsifiers and Surfactants: One the surface of the skin. The treatment with SG Gas-infused may dilute cleaning solutions with SG Gas-infused Water for Water was reinitiated and the blisters healed as well as the effective cleaning of Surfaces to remove grime, oil and grease remaining layers of skin. The patient experienced healing and and removal of bacteria. SG Gas-infused Water is a natural thereby avoided debridement of dead skin, and skin grafts. disinfectant without harsh chemical additives. Typically, one SkinTreatment: Topical applications twice a day on each side uses at least 1 part cleaning solution with 20 parts SG Gas of a male Volunteer's face in vicinity of his eyes were made. infused Water to maintain cleaning properties. Two types of topical Solutions were prepared with 1% mag nesium ascorbyl phosphate (MAP), one using SG Gas-in

Biological Properties fused Water and the other using tap water. After 21 days, the Volunteer observed on the side where SG Gas-infused Water 0057 Transport, Delivery and Absorption of Nutrients: In Solution was applied, a slight reduction in the depth of fine a controlled experiment, a standard drug metabolism test in lines around the eye and a lighting of darker skin pigment vitro was conducted over a period of 21 days. This compara when compared to that of the other area where the tap water tive test was performed on cell membrane permeability for solution was applied. (Puleo of Otima Specialty Chemical, Vitamin C solution (L-ascorbic acid) using (1) Hank's Buff 2008 (private communication).

ered Saline Solution (HBSS) and (2) SG Gas-infused Water. 0062 Eye Relief: SG Gas-infused Water may be sprayed Caco-2 cells were used and permeability of the apical side into the eyes for immediate relief and lessening of redness (similar to intestine Surface) and basolateral side (similar to that is comparable to use of over-the-counter eye drops. This underneath intestinal Surface) for the separate Solutions were natural treatment without any chemical additives, assists in determined. Vitamin C quantitiation was conducted on HPLC hydrating eyes and removing irritants such as dust and pollen. (HP1100 equipped with PDA detector) and Zorbax C18 0063. Dental Care: A 50:50 solution of commercial mouth reverse phase column (4.6x250 mm, 5 micro) at 30 C. Test wash was mixed with SG Gas-infused Water and a capful of results demonstrated Vitamin C permeability of SG Gas this solution was used twice a day after brushing teeth. Less

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plaque buildup and stains were noted by professional dental molecules of normal water vapor. The gas exists in a higher hygienists as compared to previous observations six months energy state, burns by itself at a low temperature, and melts earlier when this solution had not been used. any Substrates when exposed to the gas flame. The gas flame has a uniform blue color appearance without yellow sparks

Molecular Structure Based on Gas Properties indicative of water (H2O) vapor or red sparks indicative of 0064. It is believed by the inventors from observing the either H or O gas contamination. Hence, we call the result properties of SG Gas that the process disclosed herein results ing gas (SG Gas) an ionized gas or a plasma gas. in a product not achieved by heretofore-reported processes 0071 Now referring to FIGS. 2-3, atoms shown are shown for the electrolysis of water into gas. in their polar orientation for better understanding N meaning 0065 Given the low energy reaction that created the gas North Pole and S meaning South Pole. This dictates the and the use of no catalysts, it is believed unlikely that any orbital spin or magnetic flux. FIG. 2 illustrates water prior to O—H bonds of water could possibly be broken in the process undergoing the process of the invention. FIG. 3 illustrates the used. It is known that breaking O H bonds requires two process and the believed effect on the aqueous fluid used. faradays per mole and the process of the invention only 0072 While the magnetic field orients the atoms within employs 2.8 watt hours per liter, which is about a maximum of the water molecule, the collapsing field induces a charge in 1.6 faradays per mole. Further, the SG Gas resulting from the the opposite direction that dislodges the opposing hydrogen process disclosed herein is flammable but the flame tempera bond and allows it to bond to the other hydrogen atom in the ture of the gas is only about 270° F (132.2°C.), as compared ortho position as depicted in FIG. 3. Ortho-hydrogen is more to diatomic hydrogen gas which is highly combustible and reactive than para-hydrogen and produces much more energy. autoignites at 560° C. A hydrogen/oxygen torch flame is 0073. This reaction changes water from a liquid cluster to reportedly 3200° C.–5792 F. However, the SG Gas flame an ionized gas or plasma gas that will, when ignited, and the easily melts metals, which likely indicates that an oxygen is flame applied to a solid Substrate, melt nearly any Substance. active. The gas flame also reduces ceramics, which indicates Further, when the gas is infused into a water cluster it will that the hydrogen is in an ionized State. bond to the water molecules and create a much smaller cluster 0066 SG Gas has an affinity for water and other liquids including fuels but bubbles from the liquids after reaching a of a different shape and properties allowing it to penetrate saturation point. One use of the gas disclosed herein is infus cells and hydrate animals and plants at a substantially faster ing it back into water to create ionized or polarized water. rate.

0067 SG Gas is always a gas at room temperature while 0074. It must be clear that due to the process used herein, normal water vapor requires energy to evaporate in great electrolysis does not take place. “Electrolysis” is defined as a quantities. When combusted, the gas always returns to liquid "method of separating chemically bonded elements and com water. When placed in a balloon, the gas initially floats the pounds by passing an electric current through them.” Elec balloon but it seeps from the balloon rather quickly indicating trolysis does not take place and no splitting of the water that the gas has a small molecular structure. molecular bonds occurs, as is demonstrated by the fact that no 0068. One theory consistent with the properties heretofore increase in hydrogen or oxygen gas can be measured in the observed on SG Gas is that no bonds of HO are broken when reaction Zone. This is a key differentiator from the processes the process of the invention is used, but that the combination that have resulted in a gas being produced by electrolysis of of the electric and magnetic forces restructure the water mol water. The gases produced by electrolysis exhibit far different ecule. Gauss' Law that states there are no monopoles in mag properties from SG Gas. Gases produced by electrolysis are netism, only dipoles. It is well known that liquid water forms explosive, cannot be pressurized and are heat-producing hydrogen bonds with other water molecules in order to gases on ignition.

remain in a liquid solution. 0075 SG Gas is herein disclosed to be an ionized gas with 0069. Applying Gauss Law to hydrogen, it has polar the potential to oxidize or reduce any Substance. On a non properties that opens up a new configuration, one in which a oxidized Substrate. Such as Steel, the active oxygen within the hydrogen can be bound to another hydrogen and an oxygen. molecule will chemically bond to the steel bringing it imme Upon exposure to an electric current, the electronegative diately to its melting temperature and releasing hydrogen, strength of the oxygen atom is weakened, allowing a hydro which bonds with atmospheric oxygen to produce heat. On an gen atom to dislodge and magnetically bond to the other oxidized substrate, such as ceramic, the hydrogen reduces the hydrogen atom that is strengthened by the magnetic field. Substrate by chemically bonding with the oxygen present Hence, the electric and magnetic forces made possible a shift within the Substrate, melting the material and releasing of a hydrogen from H-O-H to O H H creating a atomic oxygen, which then bonds with the material. This diatomic hydrogen molecule that is single bonded to atomic double reaction is responsible for producing much more heat oxygen. As the exposed oxygen is a reactive site on the gas than an ordinary oxidation reduction reaction. molecule an appropriate name is “hydroxyhydrogen'. This 0076. These reactions are proven on rusty steel and con structure predicts that the oxygen is now active and can oxi crete. When ordinary gas, such as: methane, ethane, propane, dize metals. It predicts that in the unburned gaseous state, the butane, or acetylene are applied to rusty Steel popping and increased negative charge causes greater spacing among the Spitting of material occurs due to the explosive reaction of the gas molecules causing stability, a lower boiling point, a lower ferrous oxide being separated from the non-oxidized metal freezing point, and a higher vapor pressure. due to different expansion rates. With SG Gas, this does not 0070 The inventors have conceived of a new isomer of occur, since oxidation and reduction are occurring at the same water it contains the same atoms, only in a different con time and the expansion rates are equal. On concrete when heat figuration and thus exhibits different properties from normal from an ordinary gas is applied, the portion the flame touches water vapor. The gas does not cluster to create liquid water at will expand and break loose from the rest of the concrete with regular atmospheric temperatures and pressures as does the an explosive force and Spit pieces of hot concrete outward and

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leave holes in the concrete Surface. Again, this does not occur 11. The method of claim 1, wherein said aqueous fluid is an with SG Gas because it is being reduced to a liquid form electrolytic fluid comprising a salt dissolved in distilled before the pressure of uneven expansion occurs. water, said salt selected from the group consisting of potas 0077 Simply stated SG Gas is an ionized gas capable of sium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide oxidizing or reducing almost any material without the adverse and having a specific gravity greater than 1.0 and up to 1.2. reactions created by heat producing flames. Heat is the 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the conditions in the byproduct of friction, in chemistry two atoms colliding reaction Zone are such that the temperature remains less than together in a reaction known as oxidation and reduction cause about 30° F. above ambient temperature. this friction. A gas, referred to as a fuel, is usually a hydro 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the conditions in the carbon that is easily oxidized, however, the carbon is what is reaction Zone are such that the pressure does not exceed 100 being oxidized and the oxygen is being reduced meaning this pS1.

is where friction occurs and these are the items being heated. 14. The method of claim 1, further comprising exposing the Heat given off by these substances is refractive heat and the generated gas to a second magnetic field by providing a Substances being heated are absorbing heat or, better stated, second reaction Zone comprising rare earth magnets. are being bombarded by fast moving hot gases. SG Gas may 15. The method of claim 14, wherein said rare earth mag change the definition of melting point due to the lack of heat nets have a strength greater than fifty (50) Gauss units. producing flames. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein said generated gas flows through said second reaction Zone comprising said rare earth magnets.

1. A method for making a gas comprising the steps of: 17. The method of claim 14, wherein said rare earth mag (a) providing a Volume of aqueous fluid to a reaction Zone nets comprise a composite of neodymium, iron and boron. comprising a receptacle and a gas output means, wherein 18. The method of claim 17, wherein said rare earth mag said reaction Zone is closed and may withstand pressure nets further comprise a nickel coating or plating. of at least 30 psi; 19. The generated gas product of the process of any of the (b) providing a magnetic field to said reaction Zone under above claims.

conditions which will not induce electrolysis of said 20. A pressurized generated gas product which is at least aqueous fluid; 1000 psi and which is odorless, colorless under visible light, (c) collapsing said magnetic field periodically, whereby a blue gray under an ultraviolet light, and is flammable when generated gas is formed in said reaction Zone; and exposed to an igniting source.

(d) collecting said generated gas. 21. The generated gas product characterized by producing 2. The method of claim 1, wherein said magnetic field is a very low temperature flame of approximately two hundred provided by means of two opposing metallic plates spaced at seventy degrees Fahrenheit (270°F) upon being ignited. least one inch apart to which a direct current is applied which 22. A method of melting materials by igniting SG Gas and pulses and periodically collapses said magnetic field, putting the resulting flame in contact with said materials. whereby a generated gas is formed in an area of said aqueous 23. The method of claim 22 wherein said gas is character fluid between said opposing electrodes. ized when burning in contact with a Substance, causing a 3. The method of claim 2, wherein said opposing electrodes chemical reaction Such that the Substance rises to its intrinsic are spaced between one inch apart and twenty feet apart. melting or oxidation point.

4. The method of claim3, wherein said opposing electrodes 24. The method of claim 23, wherein said substance is are spaced from about one inch to about sixteen inches apart. selected from stainless steel having an intrinsic oxidation 5. The method of claim 1, wherein said magnetic field is point of 2,600°F., steel having an intrinsic oxidation point of provided by means of two wires in contact with said aqueous 1,330 F., and copper having an intrinsic oxidation point of fluid, said wires in conjunction with said aqueous fluid com 1984°F. and which melt when exposed to the SG Gas flame for less than one minute.

prising an electrical circuit when current is applied thereto. 25. The method of claim 23, wherein said substance is 6. The method of claim 1, wherein a primary and a second selected from ceramics and silicon dioxide. ary magnetic field are provided to said aqueous fluid, said 26. A method for generating heat useful for transfer to a primary magnetic field provided by a wire coil outside the fluid selected from air or water, thereby producing hot air or reaction Zone to which a source of DC power is supplied to steam for production of mechanical energy, comprising con create said primary magnetic field, and said secondary mag tacting a substrate with a SG Gas flame under conditions that netic field provided by means of a wire coil placed in the permit transfer of heat from a reaction of said SG Gas with middle of the aqueous fluid solution, which when powered in said substrate to said fluid.

the opposite direction of the current flow in pulses, collapses 27. The method of claim 26, wherein said substrate com the primary field thereby creating the necessary conditions to prises a conduit through which said fluid is flowing at the time form the gas. of contact with said SG Gas flame, and whereby said fluid is 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of heated and flows away from the reaction site to a site where it compressing the generated gas and storing in a pressurized is used to generate mechanical energy or heat. container.

28. A method for infusing SG Gas into an air intake of 8. The method of claim 7, wherein said generated gas is combustion engine generating more efficient burn of fuel, compressed to less than 1,600 psi. thereby producing extending the energy of said fuel used for 9. The method of claim 8, wherein said generated gas is mechanical energy, comprising contacting SG Gas with said pressurized to about 1,000 psi. fuel under conditions that improve chemical reaction of fuel 10. The method of claim 9, wherein said generated gas is during its combustion cycle thru generating more energy storable for at least 30 days. from said fuel.

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29. The method of claim 28, wherein said combustion 38. The method of claim 37, wherein said skin is broken engine comprises a conduit through which said fuel is flowing and in need of healing, and application of SG Gas-infused at the time of contact with said SG Gas, and whereby said fuel Water accelerates healing of said skin. combusts in reaction site where said fuel more efficiently 39. The method of claim 37, wherein said skin is dehy combusts to generate mechanical energy and less harmful drated, and application of SG Gas-infused Water provides emissions. hydration of said skin.

30. Water infused with SG Gas. 40. A method for treatment of the eye for irritation or lack 31. A method for using water infused with SG Gas for of hydration, comprising applying SG Gas-infused Water to ingestion. said eye for removal of irritants and improved visual clarity. 32. A method for using water infused with SG Gas for 41. A method for reducing the amount of Surfactant or providing improved growth to biological systems. emulsifiers in a cleaning formulation, comprising adding SG 33. A method for using water infused with SG Gas for Gas-infused Water to aid cleaning formulation. improving uptake of nutrients by animal cells. 42. A method for cleaning, comprising application of SG 34. The method of claim 33, wherein said nutrients is a

Gas-infused Water to a surface as a cleaning agent.

Vitamin. 43. The method of claim 42, wherein said surface com prises teeth.

35. The method of claim 34, wherein said vitamin is Vita 44. The method of claim 43, further comprising adding a min C. mouthwash to said SG Gas infused water for removal of 36. A method for using SG Gas-infused Water for improv plaque and stains on teeth.

ing uptake of fertilizers by plant cells. 45. (canceled) 37. A method for topical application of SG Gas-infused water to skin.