Method for making a gas from an aqueous fluid product of the method and apparatus therfor

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METHOD FOR MAKING A GAS FROMAN tion so that the conditions of the method can be better stan AQUEOUS FLUID PRODUCT OF THE dardized for maximum yield of gas.

METHOD AND APPARATUS THERFOR 0012. The aqueous fluid is provided to a reaction Zone which is preferably closed off so to allow the reaction to occur

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED under pressure. An alkali salt is preferably used as an elec APPLICATIONS trolyte dissolved in distilled water. Preferred alkali salts are 0001. This is a divisional patent application claiming pri potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide and sodium hydrox ority from U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/596,077, filed ide. The specific gravity of the alkali salt in the solution is Mar. 17, 2010, currently pending, which is a CIP of U.S. above 1.0. Most preferably, potassium hydroxide is employed patent application Ser. No. 1 1/738,476, filed Apr. 21, 2007, at a specific gravity from at least above 1.0 up to about 1.2. If now abandoned, which is a 371 patent application from serial another electrolyte is chosen other than potassium hydroxide a mole ratio must be calculated for that substance so that the number PCT/US08/60666, filed Apr. 17, 2008. maximum mole ratio represented by the specific gravity of STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY 1.2 provided for potassium hydroxide will not be exceeded. SPONSORED RESEARCH ORDEVELOPMENT These specific gravity values are as determined by a refrac tometer which provides readings that are temperature com 0002. Not applicable. pensated. Most preferably, the electrolyte employed is potas sium hydroxide (powder form) dissolved in distilled water at

TECHNICAL FIELD a concentration Sufficient to form a solution having up to 1.2 0003. This invention relates to the generation of a purified specific gravity. A suitable refractometer is the Westover stable gas from an aqueous fluid, wherein said gas may be Model RHA-100, portable refractometer. stored under pressure and uses for the gas. 0013 Aqueous fluid is contained in a receptacle which can be made out of a variety of materials including sheet steel,

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION stainless steel, CV-PVC and epoxy resin fiberglass. The appa ratus and internal devices need to be heat resistant and water 0004 Electrolysis of water is known to produce hydrogen proof. The reaction Zone is comprised of said aqueous fluid. gas (H) at the cathode and oxygen gas (O) at the anode. Due 0014. The aqueous fluid is placed in a reaction Zone in the to the high heat of the chambers, water vapor also resulted method of the invention. Overall, the method employs cre from this process. If the hydrogen gas and oxygen gas were ation of a magnetic field in the aqueous fluid and periodic not effectively separated, such methods resulted in an impure collapse of the magnetic field under conditions which do not gaseous product that could not be effectively compressed or provoke electrolysis of the aqueous fluid. Under these condi stored under pressure for industrial applications in a single tions, a single gas is generated and collected. This gas has container and was deemed explosive and dangerous. Thus, it desirable properties and is useful for applications. remained desirable to develop a method by which a useful, 0015. In a first step of the method, a magnetic field is stable, purified, compressible single gas could be formed applied to the reaction Zone. Preferably, the magnetic field is from water or an aqueous fluid. applied by providing a source of electric power to said reac BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS tion Zone. An electric current in said reaction Zone provides a magnetic field.

0005 FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic of a preferred reaction 0016. In a preferred embodiment, two metallic end plates chamber for the invention. having an inside Surface and an outside Surface, and having 0006 FIGS. 2-3 illustrate the inventor's conception of the the capacity to conduct an electrical current are used in the nature of the gas as formed from the process disclosed herein. reaction Zone in opposing configuration. The inside of each 0007 FIG. 4 illustrates graphs showing the absorption of end plate is partially submerged in the electrolyte solution. Vitamin C by cells treated with SG Gas-infused Water and The metallic plates are preferably comprised of nickel alloy control. FIG. 4A shows the effect on basolateral cells and or stainless steel, but any metal can be used as long as Such FIG. 4B on apical cells. metal has the capacity to conduct an electric current and is 0008 FIG. 5 illustrates properties of SG Gas-infused preferably resistant to erosion by alkali solutions. One of said Water. metallic plates serves as a cathode and the other as an anode. The cathode and anode should be separated a sufficient dis

DETAILED DESCRIPTION tance so that a magnetic field forms when current is applied to the reaction Zone. The distance between the plates must be 0009. A method for generating a gas having desirable greater than one inch (2.5 cm) in the method of the invention properties is herein disclosed. In addition, methodology for and is preferably eight to sixteen inches apart. This distance is purifying said gas is disclosed. Applicants refer to this gas as independent of the volume of the aqueous fluid employed or SG Gas. size of the reaction Zone.

0010 Applicanthereby incorporates U.S. Ser. No. 11/738, 0017. There is a relationship between the concentration of 476 filed on Apr. 21, 2007; U.S. Ser. No. 12/596,077 filed electrolyte solution and the amperage which will exist in the Mar. 17, 2010 by reference as if fully set forth herein. aqueous fluid upon application of current thereto. The higher 0011. In a first step of the method, an aqueous fluid is the specific gravity, the greater the amperage will result. This provided to a reaction Zone. While Varous aqueous fluids, will also affect the strength of the magnetic field, and increase Such as distilled water, tap water, or water taken from a river, the temperature of the solution. Electrolysis (used industri stream, lake or the like may be used to generate electrical ally to produce hydrogen gas via the reaction 2HO(1)->2H current at satisfactory levels, it is preferred to use an electro (g)+O(g)) which is not desired in the method of the inven lyte solution for the aqueous fluid of standardized composi tion, could occur if the current is too high. The current may be

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too high if the specific gravity of the electrolyte exceeds the 0023 The important functionalities in the process are equivalent of 1.2 for potassium hydroxide. imposition of a magnetic field on the aqueous fluid and the 0018. In order for the magnetic field to be applied to the ability to periodically collapse the magnetic field to generate reaction Zone, a power source (e.g., 110 Volts DC) is applied the desired gas, under conditions short of those that will respectively to the anode and to the cathode. induce electrolysis. Other means which provide for these 0019. An appropriate power source that may be used in the functionalities can be used. For example, in an alternative method of the invention is 110 volt alternating current which embodiment, wires could be inserted instead of plates in the has been converted to direct current using a rectifying process reaction Zone and when current passes from one wire through (e.g., a diode bridge device). Any standard power or Voltage the aqueous fluid to the other wire, a magnetic field would be Source may be used as long as it is rectified to direct current. produced. In another exemplary alternative, a wire coil out When an electric current is applied to the reaction Zone, a side the reaction Zone could be used to which a source of DC magnetic field is created in the reaction Zone, which periodi power can be supplied to create a primary magnetic field in cally collapses and causes the conversion of the water in the the reaction Zone. A wire coil placed in the middle of the aqueous fluid into gas. Cyclic pulsation will be present in Solution can serve as a secondary magnetic field and when current even after alternating current is converted to direct powered in the opposite direction of the current flow in pulses current (for example a 60 cycle pulsation from household would collapse the primary field and create the necessary current) unless a smoothing circuit has been incorporated. reaction to form the gas. Such a coil would be similar in This resulting cyclic pulsation is employable in the invention concept to an automobile coil.

to periodically collapse the magnetic field, however using an 0024. When water is converted into gas, the natural con auxiliary pulsing unit is preferably used in the method of the version from liquid to gas creates an increase in Volume and invention so that better regulation of pulsing may be thus an increase in pressure within the reaction Zone. While employed. Any means for causing the electric current pro standard atmospheric pressure is about 14.7 psi at sea level. vided to the reaction Zone to pulse at a frequency of 15 to 20 the pressure in the closed reaction Zone is maintained kilohertz decreases the wattage needed to create gas by between 30 and 100 psi by using a check valve at the outlet of approximately a factor of 10. The amount of energy needed to the reaction chamber to control it, since maximum gas pro generate one (1) liter of gas is 0.0028 kilowatt-hour and with duction occurs in this pressure range. a pulsing device associated with the reaction Zone, the 0025 Now referring to FIG. 1, a schematic of a reaction amount drops to 0.00028 kilowatt-hour or less to generate one chamber is illustrated. Cathode (1) and anode (2) are in (1) liter of gas. opposing configuration, preferably more than one inch apart 0020. As the pulsing occurs, the stationary magnetic field and most preferably eight to sixteen inches apart. In the alternatively collapses and is reinstated. It has been found that process of the invention, a current is passed through an aque a reaction occurs in the electrolyte solution between the two ous fluid (3) and the current flow through the electrolyte end plates upon collapse of the magnetic field, which results creates a magnetic field. The electricity is pulsed, which in a release of a generated gas. Some of the same gas will be collapses the magnetic field with each pulse of electricity. pulled toward the individual plates and released as part of the This produces the gas at a very efficient rate in the area of the generated gas. solution between the electrodes, as denoted by (4) in FIG. 1. 0021. In a pilot plant apparatus for determining optimal The gas produced may be collected from the reaction Zone conditions, a clear Plexiglas receptacle can be used for the through gas outlet (5) and subjected to further purification as reaction Zone, so that one can visibly monitor the reaction taught herein.

with ultraviolet light and observe the generation of gas. This 0026. The generated gas is then preferably exposed to a pilot plant preferably provides adjustment means for the cath second magnetic field by providing a second reaction Zone ode and anode so that they can be moved to optimize the comprising of rare earth magnets. The strength of the rare reaction for a given aqueous fluid composition and changes in earth magnets should be greater than fifty (50) Gauss units. pulsing duration and frequency. Gas flows through a chamber exposed to rare earth magnets 0022 Gas is generated not only at the electrodes but also for purification. Rare earth magnets, dense metal magnets appears as bubbles in the body of water between the elec typically made from a composite of neodymium, iron and trodes. It has been found that use of minimal electric currents boron with or without a nickel coating or plating, are attached between two electrodes results from the electrodes being to the exterior of the chamber. Since SG Gas is paramagnetic spread a sufficient distance apart of at least one inch (2.5 cm) and water vapor is diamagnetic the magnetic chamber and preferably eight to sixteen inches apart, thereby creating strengthens the molecular bond of the gas and repels the water the aforesaid magnetic field enveloping the reaction chamber. vapor back into the solution.

A pure gas is produced in the body of aqueous fluid between 0027. The purified SG Gas may be used immediately or the electrodes, without the production of a high levels of heat compressed and stored in a gas storage tank. Purified SG Gas that would cause the water to vaporize (212°F.). Rather, the may be allowed to flow out of said second reaction Zone reaction Zone remains at a temperature not exceeding 120°F. directly to a torch attachment, to a compressor for storage in dependent on ambient temperature. Normally, there is a 30°F. a pressurized vessel, or gas outflow valve for infusion into temperature rise above ambient temperature assuming room water or other Substances.

temperature 90° F. The collection chambers contain no 0028. In a method for making a compressible, stable gas increase in oxygen gas, no increase in hydrogen gas, and no with desirable properties, SG Gas is made according to the noticeable water vapor. Thus, costs are lowered, production method of the invention. SG Gas can then be safely com speed increases, and the resulting gas is uniform in its prop pressed and stored. SG Gas can be compressed above 1,000 erties. Also important, the resulting homogeneous gas can be psi. SG Gas also can be stored in a pressurized vessel. pumped into a stainless steel cylinder and has been found to 0029. In an exemplary procedure for compression, SG Gas be stable and not explosive under pressures of over 1000 lb. is discharged from the apparatus into a hose with a compres

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sor attached. We use a Whirlwind Compressor, Model 2200-2 0038. When an air/propane torch is burning, a small HPE, manufactured by High Pressure Eng. Co., Inc. A can amount of SG Gas is introduced into the air mixing chamber ister with pressure gauges is used to fill the chamber with SG of a lit propane torch, a single uniform flame cone becomes Gas, using a hose to transport the SG Gas from the apparatus visible demonstrating a more efficient conversion of hydro and compressor into the canister. We use an empty oxygen carbon and more heat from combustion of hydrocarbon, tank that has been vacuumed to remove any residual oxygen meaning it has a use as a fuel extender. One use is injection of and water. The empty and vacuumed oxygen tank with pres SG Gas into an air intake of a combustion engine thereby sure valve has a manufacturer name of White Martins, ABRE reducing harmful exhaust emissions and increasing fuel effi with dimensions of 23" diameter and 19" height. SG Gas is ciency. A by-product of this process is the creation of water placed under pressure in the compression chamber up to and during the combustion cycle that generates Steam. The steam beyond 1,000 psi. for storage of SG Gas. causes an increase in the torque generated by the engine 0030 SG Gas remains stable and under pressure for one resulting in greater power output. Depending upon the type of month and longer. To test its stability, wood chips were placed fuel, SG Gas extends fuel efficiency by a factor between 2 and in a stainless steel tank and the tank filled with SG Gas. The 10.

wood chips absorbed SG Gas and additional SG Gas was used to refill the chamber and maintain a 30 psi. Once the wood 0039. When ignited purified gas contacts another sub chips were saturated with SG Gas, the tank was decom stance, melting occurs within a short period of time, usually pressed and pressure reduced to 0 psi. For a period of over 30 less than one minute. The results of some examples of Sub days, no pressure was generated assuming that no outgassing stances exposed to ignited purified SG Gas may be found in of SG Gas occurred. The wood chips displayed different burn Table 1.

properties after 60 days when compared to that of the non treated wood chips. The treated wood chips with absorbed SG TABLE 1 Gas burned more efficiently when compared to that of non treated wood chips thereby demonstrating the stability of the Effect of Ignited Purified Gas on Various Substances SG Gas bond with the treated wood chips. Effect on Exposure to 0031 Analytical Testing and Observations of SG Gas Ignited Purified SG Under Pressure Maximum Pressure: SG Gas imploded when Substance Melting Point Gas (one minute or less).

pressures exceeded 1,600 psi. Safe Pressurization: SG Gas remains safe and stable at pressures around 1,000 psi for over Stainless Steel 2,600°F. Melting. 30 days. SG Gas should remain stable under pressure indefi Steel 1,330° F. Melting. nitely, at least for a Sufficient period of time to allow said gas Copper 1984°F. Melting.

to be utilized at time 30-60 days after generation. Tar Sands Sand converted to 0032. The purified SG Gas was tested and exhibited prop glass and metals were erties of a pure, homogeneous gas that was found to be com separated out of the sand matrix.

pressible as Stated above, safe, also able to oxidize any non Concrete Creates a glassy oxidized Substrate its flame contacts and able to reduce any molten Surface which completely oxidized substrate its flame contacts. The follow can adhere to metal when cooled.

ing characteristics were observed. Glass Melts. Flame and 0033 Ultra-violet Light Test: Exhibits a blue gray color true colors are appearance compared to untreated distilled water which achieved with no carbon flakes or exhibits no color, when exposed to an ultra-violet light, manu residue embedded factured by Zelco Industries Model 10015. inside the glass. 0034 Balloon: Islighter than air and causes balloons filled therewith to rise.

0035 Cooling: The Balloon Filled with Purified Gas: Bal 0040. In lieu of melting a substrate, ignited purified gas loon remains inflated at or below -10° F. may be applied to a Substrate with a view toward capturing the 0036 Ignition: The purified SG Gas produced according generated heat as a useful product. The heat generated can be to the above method was tested for ignition properties. The transferred to a fluid Such as air or water, thereby producing temperature of the flame produced upon ignition was esti hot air or steam that can then be used industrially, Such as for mated to be about 270° F. using an infrared temperature example to drive a turbine or piston-type engine for produc device (Raynger ST2L infrared temperature device). The tion of mechanical energy. In a preferred method, the flame of purified gas, when lit with an ignition Source Such as a spark, the SG gas can be applied to a Substrate in conduit form causes an implosion. When materials are exposed to the having an inside surface and an outside Surface. A fluid Such flame, which creates a chemical reaction with the material, as air or water can flow thorough the conduit adjacent the base metals will rapidly rise to melt temperature points, inside surface of the conduit. The flame of the SG gas can be releasing heat and converting the gas back into water (H2O). applied to the outside surface of the conduit which causes the 0037 Purified SG Gas was discharged from the reaction heat-generating reaction to occur. The heat is then transferred Zone through a hose with a torch attached. On the gas output to the fluid flowing through the conduit, preventing melting of of the apparatus, a flash-back arrestor is recommended. The the surface but creating a useful heated fluid that can be used gas may be exposed to an ignition Source (e.g., spark or in further applications. An exemplary conduit is a metal tube electrical arc) thus combustion of the gas occurs. The heat of or pipe, Such as copper tubing. It has been further determined the resulting flame on the Subject torch has a temperature of that SG Gas can be infused into other Substances, rendering a approximately 270° F. useful product.

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0041 Candles: SG Gas infused into melted paraffin wax Sured. An appropriate measuring device is a Control Com and poured into a mold with a wick will create candles that pany TraceableTM #4063CC meter.

burn with lower carbon emission as observed using a Pace 0049 pH Test: Lab tests show that distilled water had a pH 400 Four Gas Analyzer.

0042 Fluids: The gas had an affinity for water and other of 6.8 and when infused with SG Gas had a pH change to 7.6. liquids including fuels but bubbled from the liquids after 0050 Ice Cubes: SG Gas remains in SG Gas-infused reaching a saturation point. One novel use of the gas is infus Water or polarized water until freezing temperatures when the ing it back into water to create ionized or polarized water. The SG Gas forms a gas bubble within the ice cube itself, some resulting gas-infused water creates Smaller water clusters that times producing on the Surface of the ice cubes, capillary are believed to permit faster cellular absorption and hydra tubes where the SG Gas escapes.

tion.

0043. In an exemplary method for infusing SG Gas into 0051. Ultraviolet Light Exposure: SG Gas-infused Water water, SG Gas is discharged from the reaction Zone into a hose was tested for the effects of ultraviolet light exposure. A clear with a ceramic diffuser attached. For treating large Volumes spray bottle containing SG Gas-infused Water or polarized of water, a ceramic block diffuser may be used. The diffusers water placed in the Florida Sun for over two years remained are used to reduce the size of the SG Gas bubbles to improve clearinappearance and without algae growth which had been efficiency of water absorption. SG Gas may also be stored observed in water not infused with SG Gas under similar under pressure, then infused into water. conditions.

0044. It is preferred to infuse water that has gone through 0.052 Magnets: A drop of SG Gas-infused Waterclings to a distillation process prior to infusion of SG Gas into treated the Surface of a magnet longer when compared to that of water with less than 1 ppm TDS (Total Dissolved Solids). One untreated water.

may use an absorption graph to determine time required for achieving desired absorption of SG Gas into water. The typi 0053 Many uses have been found for SG Gas-infused cal rate of 30% absorption is approximately one hour to treat Water. Table 2 lists some of these uses. 100 gallons of water. A higher saturation of SG Gas up to 100% of total absorption occurs with more infusion of SG TABLE 2 Gas into water over time. The actual time and percentage of USES FOR SG GAS INFUSED WATER absorption of SG Gas are affected by the purity of water, volume of water, size of gas bubbles, temperature and other Advantages Provided Over factors. Use Untreated Water 0045. The resulting ionized or polarized water (“SG Gas Drinking water for human and animal Efficient cellular absorption and infused Water) clings longer to a magnet when compared to consumption and hydration removal of toxins. that of regular water. Absorption over time or Saturation Water for food and health Supplement Pure form of water that improves manufacturing, preparation, and graphs to monitor changes in the water properties infused product quality, shelf life, nutrient cooking benefits, absorption, and taste.

with SG Gas including capacitance levels may be prepared. Water for cleaning and enhancing Reduced need for emulsifiers and FIG.7 shows a typical absorption overtime graph for infusion effectiveness of cleansers Surfactants. of SG Gas into water. Subsequently, one may measure capaci Water for plants and crops including Greater size of plants, improved hydroponics, floral arrangements and plant quality, longer viability, tance levels in the treated water over a time period exceeding turf (golf courses) and reduced scale buildup 30 days to demonstrate that the gas in water is stable. Other including in hydroponic measurement: Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) dropped from a water containers. start of 0.33 ppm in untreated distilled water to a finish of 0.17 Fertilizer solution for application on Higher yield and more vigorous

ppm after infusion of SG Gas into distilled water for a period Water for aquariums and fish farming Greater size of fish. of approximately 11 minutes. A Fluke 189 True RMS Multi Water systems including long-term Less algae growth resulting from meter was used to measure drop in capacitance water storage, municipal Supplies and antibacterial properties. 0046 Storage of SG Gas in Water: The resulting polarized in-home treatment systems water with SG Gastreatment remains stable and can be stored Steam, air heating and air Less algae or mold growth for conditioning systems cleaner air circulation systems.

for 2 years or more. The actual maximum storage time has yet Refrigeration systems Less mold accumulation. to be observed but in theory, SG Gas should remain perma Industrial scrubbers Less algae growth and scale nently stable in the water. buildup to maintain scrubbing efficiency.

0047 Absorption: During infusion of SG Gas into purified Industrial products and processes Reduce or eliminate need to use water, we used a Fluke 189 True RMS Multimeter to measure including oil, gas and tar sand petroleum-based solvents. drop in capacitance. The absorption overtime graph is plotted extraction

Pharmaceutical and medicine Efficient carrier of medicines and to monitor the drop in capacitance. The first capacitance drop manufacturing removal of by-products from during initial infusion of SG Gas into a gallon of purified medicines and solvent carriers. water occurs within the first three minutes of infusion. After Skin treatment products Hydration of skin cells, improved that time, the capacitance gradually drops until the point of absorption of moisturizers, and maximum saturation of SG Gas is typically reached between reduction in pigment changes due to Sun damage.

eight and 20 minutes depending on variables including initial Wound treatment products Faster healing and pain relief. purity of water, size of gas bubbles, and volume of water to be Respiratory reliefused in humidifier improved breathing with less treated. The resulting treated or infused water is referred systems Snoring. herein as “SG Gas-infused Water herein. Eye relief products Relief for irritated eyes and hydration.

0048. Other Parameters Monitored: During infusion of SG Dental care products Removal or inhibit plaque and Gas into purified water, a drop in TDS (Total Dissolved Sol stains on teeth. ids) concentration, conductivity and resistively can be mea

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TABLE 2-continued water, (2) mix of /3 mix SG Gas-infused Water and 2% well

USES FOR SG GAS INFUSED WATER

water, (3) mix of 2/3 SG Gas-infused Water and /3 well water, and (4) 100% SG Gas-infused Water. The ivy plants were

Advantages Provided Over harvested and dehydrated to allow measurement of dry plant

Use Untreated Water mass. The fourth group of 100% SG Gas-infused Water had Cosmetics and beauty Supplies Less need for chemical binders and over 16 percent increase in mass when compared to that the more resistant to contamination first group of well water. (Reiser, 2006 (private communica buildup in cosmetics; improved tion).

hair growth.

Water features including Swimming Cleaner water with less or no 0059 Fish Growth: Two home aquariums were used to pools, spas, hot tubs, waterfalls, chlorine and chemical additives. hold two respective groups of goldfish. SG Gas was bubbled fountains, water amusement parks into one aquarium and the second with air for a period of thirty days. It was observed that the goldfish in the former 0054 Use in Process of Tar Sands Extraction: Conven aquarium aerated by SG Gas grew at least 15 percent more tional water with petroleum solvents used in the separation of and the aquarium tank remained cleaner with less algae tar from sand was replaced with SG Gas-infused Water. SG growth.

Gas-infused Water was heated (no petroleum solvent added) 0060 Wound Treatment and Healing: The polarization of with a sample of tar sands in a pan to approximately 160°F. the SG Gas-infused Water provides natural anti-bacterial and Tar was observed separating from the sand, providing a non-toxic anti-infective properties that promote healing of cleaner and more efficient process with less by-products and Superficial and multi-layer wounds and a reduction in pain emissions released from tar extraction. perception. A fifty-year old woman burned herself by acci 0055. Use for Improved Cleaning: For laundry, one may dentally spilling Scalding-hot coffee onto her hand. Upon add a quantity (/3 of a gallon in a standard washing machine seeking medical attention, a physician advised the patient that tub of 12 gallons for medium load and 16 gallons for large she may have to undergo abridement or dead skin removal load) of SG Gas-infused Water to the soap cycle of a top and possible skin graft Surgery. The patient washed the loading washing machine and the remaining water (approxi affected area with SG Gas-infused, purified water and applied mately 2/3 of a gallon) is added to the rinse cycle. The polar a medicinal ointment. The wound was wrapped with a sterile ized characteristic and smaller molecular size of SG Gas gauze and the gauze was moistened to keep the wound infused Water enable the detergent and water solution to more hydrated with SG Gas-infused Water. The patient reported an thoroughly penetrate the cloth fabric and remove the dirt and immediate and on-going lessening of pain with the applica grime. The addition of SG Gas-infused Water to the rinse tion of SG Gas-infused Water. Over the period often days assists in completely removing the Soap residue that may with repeating these treatment steps involving changing of contain residual dirt from the fabric. This process results in the moistened sterile gauze on at least a daily basis, the site of cleaner and stain-free laundry with less body oil and bacteria the wound developed new skin with minimal evidence of buildup. Laundry without these SG Gas-infused Water addi Scaring.

tives display less brilliant whites and retain a pungent odor 0061. Upon cessation of the treatment regime when the caused by residual bacteria living in the fabric of the washed upper skin layer appeared to be healed, blisters appeared on clothes.

the surface of the skin. The treatment with SG Gas-infused 0056 Reduced Use of Emulsifiers and Surfactants: One Water was reinitiated and the blisters healed as well as the may dilute cleaning solutions with SG Gas-infused Water for remaining layers of skin. The patient experienced healing and effective cleaning of Surfaces to remove grime, oil and grease thereby avoided debridement of dead skin, and skin grafts. and removal of bacteria. SG Gas-infused Water is a natural disinfectant without harsh chemical additives. Typically, one SkinTreatment: Topical applications twice a day on each side uses at least 1 part cleaning solution with 20 parts SG Gas of a male volunteer's face in vicinity of his eyes were made. infused Water to maintain cleaning properties. Two types of topical Solutions were prepared with 1% mag nesium ascorbyl phosphate (MAP), one using SG Gas-in

Biological Properties fused Water and the other using tap water. After 21 days, the Volunteer observed on the side where SG Gas-infused Water 0057 Transport, Delivery and Absorption of Nutrients: In Solution was applied, a slight reduction in the depth of fine a controlled experiment, a standard drug metabolism test in lines around the eye and a lighting of darker skin pigment vitro was conducted over a period of 21 days. This compara when compared to that of the other area where the tap water tive test was performed on cell membrane permeability for solution was applied. (Puleo of Otima Specialty Chemical, Vitamin C solution (L-ascorbic acid) using (1) Hank's Buff 2008 (private communication).

ered Saline Solution (HBSS) and (2) SG Gas-infused Water. 0062 Eye Relief: SG Gas-infused Water may be sprayed Caco-2 cells were used and permeability of the apical side into the eyes for immediate relief and lessening of redness (similar to intestine Surface) and basolateral side (similar to that is comparable to use of over-the-counter eye drops. This underneath intestinal Surface) for the separate Solutions were natural treatment without any chemical additives, assists in determined. Vitamin C quantitiation was conducted on HPLC hydrating eyes and removing irritants such as dust and pollen. (HP1100 equipped with PDA detector) and Zorbax C18 reverse phase column (4.6x250 mm, 5 micro) at 30 C. Test 0063. Dental Care: A 50:50 solution of commercial mouth results demonstrated Vitamin C permeability of SG Gas wash was mixed with SG Gas-infused Water and a capful of infused Water was about 4 times higher than the control this solution was used twice a day after brushing teeth. Less counterpart. (Hu, 2008 (unpublished communication). plaque buildup and stains were noted by professional dental 0058 Plant Growth: In a controlled greenhouse setting, hygienists as compared to previous observations six months four groups of ivy plants were watered using (1) 100% well earlier when this solution had not been used.

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Molecular Structure Based on Gas Properties indicative of water (H2O) vapor or red sparks indicative of 0064. It is believed by the inventors from observing the either H or O gas contamination. Hence, we call the result properties of SG Gas that the process disclosed herein results ing gas (SG Gas) an ionized gas or a plasma gas. in a product not achieved by heretofore-reported processes 0071 Now referring to FIGS. 2-5, atoms shown are shown for the electrolysis of water into gas. in their polar orientation for better understanding N meaning 0065 Given the low energy reaction that created the gas North Pole and S meaning South Pole. This dictates the and the use of no catalysts, it is believed unlikely that any orbital spin or magnetic flux. FIG. 2 illustrates water prior to O—H bonds of water could possibly be broken in the process undergoing the process of the invention. FIG. 3 illustrates the used. It is known that breaking O H bonds requires two process and the believed effect on the aqueous fluid used. FIG. 4 illustrates the orientation of the molecule after the faradays per mole and the process of the invention only employs 2.8 watt hours per liter, which is about a maximum of process which is consistent with the observations. FIG. 5 1.6 faradays per mole. Further, the SG Gas resulting from the illustrates the water clusters as they would exist after the process disclosed herein is flammable but the flame tempera process of the invention.

ture of the gas is only about 270° F (132.2°C.), as compared 0072 While the magnetic field orients the atoms within to diatomic hydrogen gas which is highly combustable and the water molecule, the collapsing field induces a charge in autoignites at 560° C. A hydrogen/oxygen torch flame is the opposite direction that dislodges the opposing hydrogen reportedly 3200° C.–5792 F. However, the SG Gas flame bond and allows it to bond to the other hydrogen atom in the easily melts metals, which likely indicates that an oxygen is ortho position as depicted in FIG. 5. Ortho-hydrogen is more active. The gas flame also reduces ceramics, which indicates reactive than para-hydrogen and produces much more energy. that the hydrogen is in an ionized State. 0073. This reaction changes water from a liquid cluster to 0066 SG Gas has an affinity for water and other liquids an ionized gas or plasma gas that will, when ignited, and the including fuels but bubbles from the liquids after reaching a flame applied to a solid Substrate, melt nearly any Substance. saturation point. One use of the gas disclosed herein is infus Further, when the gas is infused into a water cluster it will ing it back into water to create ionized or polarized water. bond to the water molecules and create a much smaller cluster 0067 SG Gas is always a gas at room temperature while of a different shape and properties allowing it to penetrate normal water vapor requires energy to evaporate in great cells and hydrate animals and plants at a substantially faster quantities. When combusted, the gas always returns to liquid rate.

water. When placed in a balloon, the gas initially floats the 0074. It must be clear that due to the process used herein, balloon but it seeps from the balloon rather quickly indicating electrolysis does not take place. “Electrolysis” is defined as a that the gas has a small molecular structure. "method of separating chemically bonded elements and com 0068. One theory consistent with the properties heretofore pounds by passing an electric current through them.” Elec observed on SG Gas is that no bonds of HO are broken when trolysis does not take place and no splitting of the water the process of the invention is used, but that the combination molecular bonds occurs, as is demonstrated by the fact that no of the electric and magnetic forces restructure the water mol increase in hydrogen or oxygen gas can be measured in the ecule. Gauss' Law that states there are no monopoles in reaction Zone. This is a key differentiator from the processes magnetism, only dipoles. It is well known that liquid water that have resulted in a gas being produced by electrolysis of forms hydrogen bonds with other water molecules in order to water. The gases produced by electrolysis exhibit far different remain in a liquid solution. properties from SG Gas. Gases produced by electrolysis are 0069. Applying Gauss Law to hydrogen, it has polar explosive, cannot be pressurized and are heat-producing properties that opens up a new configuration, one in which a gases on ignition.

hydrogen can be bound to another hydrogen and an oxygen. 0075 SG Gas is herein disclosed to be an ionized gas with Upon exposure to an electric current, the electronegative the potential to oxidize or reduce any Substance. On a non: strength of the oxygen atom is weakened, allowing a hydro oxidized Substrate. Such as Steel, the active oxygen within the gen atom to dislodge and magnetically bond to the other molecule will chemically bond to the steel bringing it imme hydrogen atom that is strengthened by the magnetic field. diately to its melting temperature and releasing hydrogen, Hence, the electric and magnetic forces made possible a shift which bonds with atmospheric oxygen to produce heat. On an of a hydrogen from H-O-H to O H H creating a oxidized substrate, such as ceramic, the hydrogen reduces the diatomic hydrogen molecule that is single bonded to atomic Substrate by chemically bonding with the oxygen present oxygen. As the exposed oxygen is a reactive site on the gas within the Substrate, melting the material and releasing molecule an appropriate name is “hydroxyhydrogen'. This atomic oxygen, which then bonds with the material. This structure predicts that the oxygen is now active and can oxi double reaction is responsible for producing much more heat dize metals. It predicts that in the unburned gaseous state, the than an ordinary oxidation reduction reaction. increased negative charge causes greater spacing among the 0076. These reactions are proven on rusty steel and con gas molecules causing stability, a lower boiling point, a lower crete. When ordinary gas, such as: methane, ethane, propane, freezing point, and a higher vapor pressure. butane, or acetylene are applied to rusty Steel popping and 0070 The inventors have conceived of a new isomer of Spitting of material occurs due to the explosive reaction of the water it contains the same atoms, only in a different con ferrous oxide being separated from the non-oxidized metal figuration and thus exhibits different properties from normal due to different expansion rates. With SG Gas, this does not water vapor. The gas does not cluster to create liquid water at occur, since oxidation and reduction are occurring at the same regular atmospheric temperatures and pressures as does the time and the expansion rates are equal. On concrete when heat molecules of normal water vapor. The gas exists in a higher from an ordinary gas is applied, the portion the flame touches energy state, burns by itself at a low temperature, and melts will expand and break loose from the rest of the concrete with any Substrates when exposed to the gas flame. The gas flame an explosive force and Spit pieces of hot concrete outward and has a uniform blue color appearance without yellow sparks leave holes in the concrete. Again, this does not occur with SG

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US 2013/0323322 A1 Dec. 5, 2013

Gas because it is being reduced to a liquid form before the 24-29. (canceled) pressure of uneven expansion occurs. 30. Water infused with SG Gas. 0077 Simply stated SG Gas is an ionized gas capable of 31. A method of using water infused with SG Gas for oxidizing or reducing almost any material without the adverse ingestion.

reactions created by heat producing flames. Heat is the 32. A method for using water infused with SG gas for byproduct of friction, in chemistry two atoms colliding providing improved growth to biological systems. together in a reaction known as oxidation and reduction cause 33. A method of using water infused with SG Gas for this friction. A gas, referred to as a fuel, is usually a hydro improving uptake of nutrients by animal cells. carbon that is easily oxidized, however, the carbon is what is 34. The method of claim 33, wherein said nutrient is a being oxidized and the oxygen is being reduced meaning this Vitamin.

is where friction occurs and these are the items being heated. 35. The method of claim 34, wherein said vitamin is vita Heat given off by these substances is refractive heat and the min C.

Substances being heated are absorbing heat or, better stated, 36. A method for using SG Gas-infused water for improv are being bombarded by fast moving hot gases. SG Gas may ing uptake of fertilizers by plant cells. change the definition of melting point due to the lack of heat 37. A method for topical application of SG Gas-infused producing flames. water to skin.

1.-19. (canceled) 38. The method of claim 37, wherein said skin is broken 20. A pressurized generated gas product which is at least and in need of healing, and application of SG gas-infused 100 psi and which is odorless, colorless under visible light, water accelerates healing of said skin. blue gray under an ultraviolet light, and is flammable when 39. The method of claim 37, wherein said skin is dehy exposed to an igniting source. drated, and application of SG Gas-infused water provides 21. (canceled) hydration of said skin.

22. A method of melting materials by igniting SG Gas and 40. A method for treatment of the eye for irritation or lack putting the resulting flame in contact with said materials. of hydration, comprising applying SG Gas-infused water to 23. The method of claim 22 wherein said gas is character said eye for removal of irritants and improved visual clarity. ized when burning in contact with a Substance, causing a chemical reaction Such that the Substance rises to its intrinsic 41-45. (canceled) melting or oxidation point.