System for and method of affecting molecules and atoms with electromagnetic radiation

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US 10 ,Page

(51) Int . Cl. 2008/ 0034287 A1 * 2 / 2008 Mills

CO2F 1 /34 (2006 .01) 2008 /0069738 A1* 3/2008 Ishikawa ............ A61K 31/4743 CO2F 1/48 (2006 .01) 422 / 105 CO2F 1/461 2009/0071817 A1 * 3 /2009 Ishikawa ........... A61K 41/0004 (2006 . 01) 204 / 157 .68 (52 ) U .S . CI. 2009/0084107 A1 * 4 /2009 Gleasman 204 / 157 .52

( 2013.01) ; CO2F 1/48 (2013 .01); YO2E 60 /364 OTHER PUBLICATIONS (2013 .01 ) Heyrovska and Narayan , “ Fine -structure constant, anomalous mag (58 ) Field of Classification Search netic moment, relativity factor, and the golden ratio that divides the CPC ......... CO2F /; CO1B 3 /042 ; C01B 2203/0855 ; Bohr radius,” 2005 , available online at arXiv :physics/0509207.* YO2E 60 / 364 Heyrovska , “ Exploring the atomic properties using ionization poten

USPC .............. 204 / 157 . 15 , 157.5 , 157 .52, 157.42 , tial and golden ratio ,” Prac. Setkani Fyz . Chem . Electrochem . 5 , 204 / 157 .41; 205 /339 – 340 2005 , s. 23 - 24 (i.e . p . 32 -33 ).*

See application file for complete search history . R . R . Jovanovic, “ Fine structure constant,” available online at http :// milan .milanovic.org /math /english /alpha /alpha .html, published 2006 .* ( 56 ) References Cited Bayles, “ The Golden Ratio and the Fine Structure Constant” (2005 ).* Piszczatowksi et al, “ Theoretical determination of the dissociation

U .S . PATENT DOCUMENTS energy of molecular hydrogen ," J. Chem . Theory Comput. vol. 5

3 , 245,892 A * 4 / 1966 Jones .... 204 / 157 .42 Heyrovska, “ Dependence of Ion-water Distances on Covalent Radii, 3 ,904 ,500 A * 9 / 1975 Jensen ....................... 204 /157. 2 Ionic Radii in Water and Distances of Oxygen and Hydrogen of 4 ,124 ,466 A * 11/ 1978 Morrey BOUD 59 /34 Water from lon /water Boundaries,” Chem . Phys. Lett. 429 (2006 )

4 ,207 , 154 A * 6 / 1980 Lemelson ............. 204 / 157 .42 Crim et al, “ State - and Bond - Selected Photodissociation and Bimolecular 4 ,213 ,836 A * 7 / 1980 Freund et al. ........... 204 / 157.22 Reaction of Water [ and Discussion ],” Phil . Trans. R . Soc . Lond. A 4 ,305 ,794 A * 12 / 1981 Davidson et al. ............ 205/340 ( 1990 ) vol. 332 , pp . 259 -272 . * 4 ,338, 114 A 7 / 1982 Brockway et al. Crim , “ Vibrationally Mediated Photodissociation : Exploring Excited 4, 366 ,125 A * 12 / 1982 Kodera et al. ... 422 / 295 State Surfaces and Controlling Decomposition Pathways,” Annu . 4 , 369, 100 A * 1/ 1983 Sawyer .................... 204/ 157.42 Rev . Phys . Chem . 1993, vol. 44 , pp . 397 -428 .* 4 ,615, 984 A * 10 / 1986 Stoker ...................... 204/ 157.42 Adhikari et al, “ Selective control of photodissociation in deuterated 4 ,702, 808 A * 10 / 1987 Lemelson . ..... .......... 204 / 157.42 water molecule HOD ,” Rad . Phys. & Chem . vol. 75 (2006 ) , pp . 4 ,808 ,286 A * 2/ 1989 Angelo , II ...... ..... B01J 19 /088 2106 -2118 .* 204 / 157.52 Ohmura et al, “ Control of photodissociation : vibrational mode 4 ,879,011 A * 11/ 1989 Schram . 204/ 157.42 selection and quantum interference,” J. of Photochem & Photobio . 4 ,936 , 961 A * 6 / 1990 Meyer ...................... 204 /157 .52 A : Chemistry vol. 158 (2003 ) pp . 69 - 76 .* 5 , 108 ,566 A * 4 / 1992 Eerkens ................. B01D 59 /34 Khriachtchev et al, “ ConformationalMemory in Photodissociation

5 ,714 ,665 A * 2 / 1998 Ohtake BO1D 53 /007 of Formic Acid ,” J. Am . Chem . Soc . 2002, vol. 124 , pp . 10994

6 ,451,616 B19 / 2002 Odom et al. Naganaya et al, “ Laser control of molecular photodissociation with 6 ,547 ,935 B2 * 4 /2003 Scott ..... 204 / 158 .2 use of the complete reflection phenomenon ," J. Chem . Phys. vol . 6 ,592, 723 B2 * 7 /2003 Cha ............. 204/ 157 .52 113 , No. 15 , Oct. 15 , 2000 , pp . 6197 -6209. * 6 ,638 ,413 B1 * 10 / 2003 Weinberg ................ C25B 1/04 Selvan , A . M ., “ Quantam -Like Chaos in Prime Number Distribution 204 / 157.52 and in Turbulent Fluid Flows" Apeiron , vol . 8 , No . 3 , ( Jul. 2001) 6 ,719 ,817 B1 * 4 /2004 Marin .... 422 / 225 [Retrieved from the Internet on Jul. 16 , 2008 ] URL : <http .//redshift. 7 , 125,480 B2 * 10 / 2006 Austin ...... 204 / 157 .52 vif .com /JournalFiles/VO8NO3PDF /Vo8N3SEL .PDF> . 7 ,482 ,072 B2 * 1/ 2009 Brooks et al. ........... 204 / 157 .15 Fan , H ., “Mimicking the Action of Folding Chaperones in Molecu 2002/0100836 A1 * 8 / 2002 Hunt .................. C01B 3 /042 lar Dynamics Simulations” , Application to the Refinement ofHomology 244 / 50 Based Protein Structures, (Apr. 2004) [Retrieved from the Internet 2003/0103067 A1 * 6 / 2003 Trell ............................. 345 /700 on Jul. 15 , 2008 ( Jul. 15 , 2008) ] URL : <http ://www .pubmedcentral. 2003/0183505 A1 * 10 / 2003 Austin ..................... 204/ 157. 15 nih . gov/ articlerender.fcgi ? artid = 2280060 > . 2003/0226401 A1 * 12 / 2003 Letovsky . ................... 73 /579 2004 /0089532 A1 * 5 / 2004 Brooks et al. ........... 204 / 157 . 15 Notification of Transmittal of the International Search Report and 2005/ 0014640 A11 / 2005 Ovshinsky the Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority , or the 2006 / 0056468 A1 3 / 2006 Dantus et al. Declaration , dated Jul. 25 , 2008 . 2007 /0274905 A1 * 11/ 2007 Wynn ........ CO1B 3 /042

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SYSTEM FOR AND METHOD OF associated with at least one of the first atom and the second AFFECTING MOLECULES AND ATOMS atom . A second electromagnetic radiation may be directed at WITH ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION the material, the second electromagnetic radiation having a frequency equal to the second electromagnetic radiation

RELATED APPLICATIONS 5 frequency, where the first electromagnetic radiation fre quency and the second electromagnetic radiation frequency

The present application claims priority to U . S . Provisional are sufficient to break the bond between the first atom and Application No. 60/ 820 ,918 entitled “ System For And the second atom . The second electromagnetic radiation Method Of Affecting Molecules And Atoms With Electro frequency ( V2 ) may be defined by the equation magnetic Radiation ” to Young, filed Jul. 31, 2006 , the 10 V2= Bfr: D . e: 10 " , where Bfr is a base frequency associated disclosure of which is incorporated herein in its entirety . with either the first or second atom , Ø is a golden mean , e is a natural log base , j is an integer, and k is an integer. The

FIELD OF THE INVENTION term Afy may be associated with the first atom and Bf, may be associated with the second atom . The terms Af, and B

The invention provides a method for selectively affecting 15 may be different. The terms Afr and Bf, may be the same or targeted atoms and/ or molecules by exposing the atoms different; m and k may be the same or different; and n and and /or molecules to a frequency or frequencies of electro j may be the same or different. The material may be magnetic radiation selected for the targeted atom or mol irradiated with a second electromagnetic radiation frequency ecule . ( v" ) defined by the equation v " = AFDt.e -Lt.10 %, where Af, is 20 a base frequency associated with either the first or second

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION atom , Ø is a golden mean , e is a natural log base , L is the natural log of two , t is equal to n , x is an integer, and y is an

Prior to this invention , a specific technique for determin - integer. The material may be irradiated with a second ing targeted electromagnetic radiation frequencies for affect electromagnetic radiation frequency (vi" ) defined by the ing the atoms or molecules was unknown . 25 equation v' = ( AF: 0°.L - 1).10 % e - , where Afr is a base fre The molecules that make up compositions of matter may quency associated with either the first or second atom , Ø is be held together via chemical bonds, such as ionic bonds, a golden mean , e is a natural log base , L is the natural log covalent bonds, and hydrogen bonds. Cleavage of these of two , a is an integer, and b is an integer. Themethod may bonds is of interest to scientists and manufacturers , but comprise irradiation of a materialwith at least one frequency effective methods of such cleavage have encountered 30 according to at least one of each of V1, V2, V" and v'" . The numerous obstacles . material may be irradiated with a first and a second elec Liu et al., Science 312 , 1024 (2006 ) report resonant tromagnetic radiation having material concurrently , where photodesorption of hydrogen from a Si ( 111) surface using the first electromagnetic radiation has a frequency of v ,, and tunable infrared radiation . According to Liu et al., selective the second electromagnetic radiation has a frequency of v " bond cleavage by vibration excitation is typically thwarted 35 and /or V '" . One of the first or second atoms may be a by energy thermalization . Tully , J. C ., Science 312 , 1004 hydrogen atom and the other of the first or second atoms ( 2006 ) reports that the main impediment to IR mode - may be an oxygen atom . The hydrogen atom and the oxygen selective chemistry is that vibrational energy tends to be atom may be part of a water molecule and the material may redistributed rapidly within a molecule. be water. The water may be subjected to cavitation . The 40 water may be subjected to a magnetic field . The electro

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION magnetic field may be pulsed . The electromagnetic field may be pulsed at a frequency (vn ) according to the formula

According to an embodiment of the present invention , a V = A70" . e : 10 " , where Af is a base frequency associated method of breaking (also referred to herein as “ cleaving ” or with an atom in a water molecule , Q is a golden mean , e is " dissociating" ) a bond between a first atom and a second 45 a natural log base , n is an integer, and m is an integer. atom in a molecule of a material is presented . A first Electrical current may be caused to flow through the water. electromagnetic radiation frequency, the first electromag At least one of m and k may be zero in the equations for vi netic radiation frequency comprising a product of a golden and V2 . The terms n and j may be zero , positive , or negative mean and a base frequency associated with at least one of the integers .

first atom and the second atom is selected . A first electro - 50 According to an embodiment of the present invention , a magnetic radiation is directed at the material, the first method of strengthening a bond between a first atom and a electromagnetic radiation having a frequency equal to the second atom in a molecule of a material is provided . The first electromagnetic radiation frequency . The first electro - method includes selecting a first electromagnetic radiation magnetic radiation frequency is sufficient to break the bond frequency, the first electromagnetic radiation frequency between the first atom and the second atom . 55 including a product of a golden mean and a base frequency Various optional features of the above embodiment associated with at least one of the first atom and the second include the following. The material may be a liquid and the atom . The method also includes directing a first electromag liquid may be caused to cavitate . The first electromagnetic netic radiation at the material, the first electromagnetic radiation frequency may further comprise a power of the radiation having a frequency equal to the first electromag golden mean , the power being a positive integer. The first 60 netic radiation frequency , where the first electromagnetic electromagnetic radiation frequency ( v .) may be defined by radiation frequency is sufficient to strengthen the bond the equation v = A7, 0 ” .e : 10 " , where Af, is a base frequency between the first atom and the second atom . associated with either the first or second atom , Ø is a golden Various optional features of the embodiment of the pre mean , e is a natural log base , n is an integer, and m is an ceding paragraph include the following . The first electro integer. A second electromagnetic radiation frequency may 65 magnetic radiation frequency (11) may be defined by the be selected , the second electromagnetic radiation frequency equation Vi = A4 : 0 ” .e : 10 " , where Afr is a base frequency comprising a product of a golden mean and a base frequency associated with either the first or second atom , Ø is a golden

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mean , e is a natural log base , n is an integer, and m is an second electromagnetic radiation frequency, where the first integer. The method may include selecting a second elec - electromagnetic radiation frequency and the second electro tromagnetic radiation frequency, the second electromagnetic magnetic radiation frequency are sufficient to facilitate the radiation frequency comprising a product of a golden mean formation of the bond between the first atom and the second and a base frequency associated with at least one of the first 5 atom . The first electromagnetic radiation frequency (v , ) may atom and the second atom , and directing a second electro be defined by the equation vi = AF ” .e: 10 " , where Afy is a magnetic radiation at the material, the second electromag base frequency associated with either the first or second netic radiation having a frequency equal to the second atom , Ø is a golden mean , e is a natural log base , n is an electromagnetic radiation frequency , where the first electro magnetic radiation frequency and the second electromag - 10 integer , and m is an integer. The second electromagnetic netic radiation frequency are sufficient to strengthen the radiation

frequency ( V2) may be defined by the equation e :10 ", where Br is a base frequency associated bond between the first atom and the second atom . The first electromagnetic radiation frequency (v1) may be defined by with either the first or second atom , Ø is a golden mean , e the equation vi = AF, ” .e : 10 " , where Af is a base frequency is a natural log base, j is an integer, and k is an integer. Any associated with either the first or second atom , Ø is a golden 15 of 1 mean , e is a natural log base , n is an integer, and m is an integers. The terms n and j may be negative integers. The integer. The second electromagnetic radiation frequency ( v . ) material may be irradiated with a second electromagnetic may be defined by the equation v2 =B 0 . e:10 %, where Bf is radiation having a frequency (v " ) defined by the equation a base frequency associated with either the first or second v " = Af : . e - 4 . 10 ' , where Afy is a base frequency associated atom , 0 is a golden mean , e is a natural log base , j is an 20 with either the first or second atom , Ø is a golden mean , e integer, and k is an integer . Any of the terms m , n , j, and k is a natural log base , L is the natural log of two , t is equal may be positive or negative integers. The material may be to n , x is an integer, and y is an integer. The material may irradiated with a second electromagnetic radiation having a be irradiated with a second electromagnetic radiation having frequency ( v " ) defined by the equation v ' = A40* . e - 1. 10 % , a frequency ( ') defined by the equation vih = where Ag, is a base frequency associated with either the first 25 (Af0a.L - 1): 10 ' e - , where Afy is a base frequency associ or second atom , 0 is a golden mean , e is a natural log base , ated with either the first or second atom , ( d ) is a golden L is the natural log of two, t is equal to n , x is an integer, and mean , e is a natural log base , L is the natural log of two, a y is an integer . The material may be irradiated with a second is an integer , and b is an integer. The method may comprise electromagnetic radiation having a frequency ( vl ) defined irradiation of a material with at least one frequency accord by the equation v ' = (AF0a L - ):10 ' e - , where Aq, is a base 30 ing to at least one of each of V , V , V " and vi" . The material frequency associated with either the first or second atom , Ø may be irradiated with a first and a second electromagnetic is a golden mean , e is a natural log base , L is the natural log radiation concurrently ,where the first electromagnetic radia of two, a is an integer, and b is an integer. The method may tion has a frequency of v , , and the second electromagnetic comprise irradiation of a material with electromagnetic radiation has a frequency of v " and /or vi" . radiation having at least one frequency according to at least 35 According to an embodiment of the present invention , a one of each of V1, V2, V " and v !" . The material may be method of mimicking the presence of a molecule , the irradiated with a first and a second electromagnetic radiation molecule having at least a first atom and a second atom , in concurrently , where the first electromagnetic radiation has a a material, is presented . The method includes selecting a first frequency of V1, and the second electromagnetic radiation electromagnetic radiation frequency, the first electromag has a frequency of v " and /or v " . The terms n and j may zero , 40 netic radiation frequency comprising a product of a golden positive, or negative integers . mean and a base frequency associated with at least one of the According to an embodiment of the present invention , a first atom and the second atom . The method also includes method of facilitating the formation of a bond between a first directing a first electromagnetic radiation at the material, the atom and a second atom is presented . Themethod includes first electromagnetic radiation having a frequency equal to selecting a first electromagnetic radiation frequency , the first 45 the first electromagnetic radiation frequency , where the first electromagnetic radiation frequency comprising a product of electromagnetic radiation frequency is sufficient to mimic a golden mean and a base frequency associated with at least the presence of a molecule in a material. In this embodiment, one of the first atom and the second atom . The method also the first electromagnetic radiation frequency ( v ) may be includes directing a first electromagnetic radiation at the first defined by the equation v , =A O " . e : 10 " , where A is a base and second atoms, the first electromagnetic radiation having 50 frequency associated with either the first or second atom , a frequency equal to the first electromagnetic radiation is a golden mean , e is a natural log base , n is an integer, and frequency, where the first electromagnetic radiation fre mis an integer. The material may be irradiated with a second quency is sufficient to facilitate the formation of the bond electromagnetic radiation frequency (v " ) defined by the between the first atom and the second atom . equation v " = Afrº ”.e - 21. 10 ', where AF is a base frequency Various optional features of the embodiment of the pre - 55 associated with either the first or second atom , O is a golden ceding paragraph include the following. The first electro mean , e is a natural log base , L is the natural log of two, t magnetic radiation frequency (v1) may be defined by the is equal to n , x is an integer, and y is an integer. The material equation v , = AF: 0 ” .e : 10 " , where Af is a base frequency may be irradiated with a second electromagnetic radiation associated with either the first or second atom , Ø is a golden having a frequency (vi'') defined by the equation vih = mean , e is a natural log base , n is an integer, and m is an 60 (Ara .L - 1 ) : 10 ' e - , where Afy, is a base frequency associ integer. The method may include selecting a second elec - ated with either the first or second atom , 0 is a golden mean , tromagnetic radiation frequency , the second electromagnetic e is a natural log base , L is the natural log of two , a is an radiation frequency comprising a product of a golden mean integer, and b is an integer. The method may comprise and a base frequency associated with at least one of the first irradiation of a material with at least one frequency accord atom and the second atom , and directing a second electro - 65 ing to at least one of each of V1, V2 , V " and v '' . The material magnetic radiation at the first and second atoms, the second may be irradiated with a first and a second electromagnetic electromagnetic radiation having a frequency equal to the radiation having material concurrently, where the first elec

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tromagnetic radiation has a frequency of v1, and the second tion , the electromagnetic radiation may be used to electromagnetic radiation has a frequency of v " and /or v strengthen bonds , including the facilitation of bond forma According to an embodiment of the present invention , a tion . In yet other embodiments of the invention , the elec method of enhancing the electrolysis ofwater is provided . A tromagnetic radiation may be used to mimic atoms and/or first electromagnetic radiation frequency ( v . ), defined by the 5 molecules .

equation V , = AfD" .e:10 " , is selected , where Af is a base The method of affecting an atom or molecule may be frequency associated with an atom in a water molecule , Ø is achieved by irradiating the atom or molecule with a fre a golden mean , e is a natural log base , n is a non -negative quency of electromagnetic radiation (v ) according to For integer, and m is a non -negative integer . A second electro mula I, depicted below . In some embodiments , the frequen magnetic radiation frequency (v . ), defined by the equation 10 cies of electromagnetic radiation ( V ) according to Formula I vo= B40 .e : 10% , is selected , where Bf, is a base frequency fall within , and include , the range of yottahertz ( yHz, on the associated with an atom in a watermolecule , Ø is a golden order of 10 - 24 Hz) and yottahertz (Yhz ,on the order of 1024 mean , e is a natural log base, j is a nonnegative integer , and Hz). Other embodiments employ frequencies falling within kA isfirsta nonnegative integer . The water is caused to cavitate . ranges such as, by way of non -limiting examples , 10 - 10 Hz electromagnetic radiation having the first frequency is 15 through 10° Hz, 10 - ° Hz through 10 Hz, or 10 Hz through directed at the water . A second electromagnetic radiation 10 Hz .

having the second frequency is directed at the water. The v = Af : ” .e Formula I. step of directing the first electromagnetic radiation may occur simultaneously with the step of directing the second In Formula I, v is the frequency of radiation used to affect electromagnetic radiation . Electrical current is caused to 20 the atom or molecule. The term Afy represents the base flow through the water. An optional feature of the above befrequency of the atom (including those within a molecule ) to affected . A base frequency of an atom is a spectroscopic embodiment includes that at least one of m and k may be parameter associated with that atom . The spectroscopic equal to zero . parameter may be, by way of non -limiting example, a SUMMARY OF FIGURES 25 frequency corresponding to the maximum wavelength of absorption Qmax ) for the molecular form of that atom . The

FIG . 1 is a schematic visualization of an electromagnetic symbol

The 0 represents the golden mean , equal to 1/2 ( 1 +V5 ).

variable n may be any integer, including negative radiation frequency selection equation according to an integers , positive integers and zero , and may be the same or embodiment of the present invention. different. The constant e is defined as the base for natural FIG . 2 illustrates a method of cleaving chemical bonds by 30 logs, equal to about 2 .71828 . In some embodiments, simul exposing the bonds to electromagnetic radiation according taneous exposure of the atom to multiple electromagnetic to an embodiment of the invention . radiation frequencies falling within the scope of Formula I FIG . 3 illustrates a correlation between the maximum can be utilized . If the use of multiple electromagnetic absorption frequencies of chlorophyll “ a” and irradiation radiation frequencies suitable for affecting an atom is frequencies corresponding to hydrogen and oxygen atoms 35 desired , multiple electromagnetic radiation frequencies may according to an embodiment of the invention . be determined by solving Formula I for multiple values of n . FIG . 4 illustrates cluster size reduction of water according It is contemplated that two , three or up to eight or more to an embodiment of the invention . frequencies (v ) of electromagnetic radiation may be used . The method of affecting the atom or molecule with multiple

FIG . 5 illustrates an apparatus for reducing the size of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation according to For macrostructures of a fluid and for irradiating a bond between 40 mula I may be achieved by irradiation with the multiple a first and second atom with electromagnetic radiation frequencies of electromagnetic radiation simultaneously, according to an embodiment of the invention . sequentially or in a combination thereof. In other embodi ments, exposure to a single electromagnetic frequency fall

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE ing within the scope of Formula I may be utilized . INVENTION 45 In certain embodiments of the invention , it is contem plated that the frequencies of electromagnetic radiation

Certain embodiments of the invention provide a system useful for affecting atoms or molecules may be various for manipulating or affecting an atom or a molecule by orders of magnitude of the frequency of electromagnetic exposing the atom or molecule to electromagnetic radiation . radiation determinable by Formula I. Formula II may be By affecting a molecule , it is to be understood that the effect 50 solved in order to determine the frequencies of electromag may be on any one or more of the atoms comprising the netic radiation (v') that may be used to affect an atom or molecule . Furthermore , by affecting an atom or molecule , it molecule according to an embodiment of the invention . In is to be understood that a method of the invention includes some embodiments , the frequencies (v ') of electromagnetic affecting the atomic or molecular electron orbitals , or a radiation according to Formula II fall within , and include , combination thereof, of the atom or molecule to be affected . 55 the range of yoctaherz (yHz, on the order of 10 - 24 Hz) and Embodiments of the invention provide a way to select a yottahertz ( Yhz, on the order of 1024 Hz ). Other embodi discrete number of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation ments employ frequencies falling within ranges such as, by suitable for affecting an atom or molecule and a technique way of non -limiting examples , 10 - 10 Hz through 100 Hz, for affording an effect by irradiation of the atom or molecule 10 - 5 Hz through 105 Hz, or 105 Hz through 1020 Hz. Note with at least one frequency of electromagnetic radiation 60 that in certain embodiments , both v and v ' fall within these selected thereby. Some embodiments of the invention pro - ranges . That is, once values for v are calculated according to vide a system for and method of cleaving or disassociating Formula I that fall within a given range , then additional selected bonds by exposing the bonds to electromagnetic orders of magnitude of v , calculated as vi according to radiation . Other embodiments of the invention provide sys - Formula II, may be calculated such that they still lie within tems for and methods of selectively cleaving a bond between 65 the given range .

a first and a second atom by exposing the bond to electro magnetic radiation . In still other embodiments of the inven v = v.10m = AF: 0 ” .e:10m Formula II.

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In Formula II , the term v' is the frequency of radiation used instead , ceterus peribus. Note further that FIG . 1 is not to to affect an atom or molecule and v is as in Formula I. The scale and for illustration purposes only . term Af, represents the base frequency of the atom (including As seen in FIG . 1, Formula II may be used to calculate a those in a molecule ) to be affected . A base frequency of the finite number of specific values of electromagnetic frequen atom is a spectroscopic parameter associated with that atom . 5 cies for each type of atom (i.e . each element). From this The spectroscopic parameter may be, by way of non finite number of electromagnetic frequencies, a technician limiting example , a frequency corresponding to the maxi with the aid of a tunable electromagnetic radiation frequency mum wavelength of absorption (Amar) for the molecular generator will be able to simply tune through the given form of that atom . The symbol O represents the golden predetermined electromagnetic frequencies corresponding mean , equal to 1/2 ( 1 + V5). The variables n and m may be any 10 toobserve

Formula II for the specific type of atom selected and and record which select electromagnetic frequency integer, including negative integers, positive integers and or frequencies are suitable for affecting the atom ormolecule zero , and may be the same or different. The constant e is in the manner desired .

defined as the base for natural logs, equal to about 2 .71828 . One embodiment of the invention includes a process of In some embodiments , simultaneous exposure of the atom or 15 affecting molecule to multiple electromagnetic radiation frequencies between aa molecule in order to cleave or disassociate a bond first and a second atom . The first and second falling within the scope of Formula II can be utilized . If the atoms may be of the same or different elements. Cleavage use of multiple electromagnetic radiation frequencies suit occurs by exposing the bond to electromagnetic radiation at able for affecting an atom or molecule is desired ,multiple a frequency according to Formula II. In some embodiments , electromagnetic radiation frequenciesmay be determined by 20 covalent bonds (including polar covalent bonds), ionic solving Formula II for multiple values of n or m , or a bonds, hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactionsmay combination thereof. If it is desired to affect multiple atoms be cleaved or disassociated by the method described herein . present or multiple atoms of a molecule, multiple frequen - In Formula II , the term v' is the frequency of radiation cies may further be determined according to Formula II by used to cleave the bond . The term Afy represents the base inputting the base frequency parameter Afy for each bonded 25 frequency of one of the atoms that is bonded . A base atom . It is contemplated that two , three or up to eight or frequency of one of the first or second atoms is a spectro more frequencies of electromagnetic radiation ( v ') may be scopic parameter associated with that atom . The spectro used . The atoms or molecules to be affected may be irradi- scopic parameter may be, by way of non -limiting example , ated with the multiple frequencies of electromagnetic radia - a frequency corresponding to the maximum wavelength of tion simultaneously , sequentially or in a combination 30 absorption amor ) for the molecular form of that atom . The thereof. In other embodiments , exposure to a single electro - symbol o represents the golden mean , equal to 1/2 ( 1 + V5 ) . magnetic radiation frequency falling within the scope of The variables n and m may be any integer , including Formula II may be utilized . negative integers, positive integers and zero , and may be the FIG . 1 is a schematic visualization of Formula II accord - same or different. In some embodiments , methods of cleav ing to an embodiment of the present invention . The xy - plane 35 ing or disassociating bonds are achieved by irradiating the contains a golden spiral 100 . In polar coordinates , golden bonds with frequencies of electromagnetic radiation selected spiral 100 complies with the formula r= 020/ , where (r,0 ) from Formula II wherein the variable n is a positive integer. represents respective polar coordinates (radius, angle from The constant e is defined as the base for natural logs, equal the positive x -axis ), 0 represents the golden mean , and a is to about 2. 71828. In some embodiments , simultaneous the well -known mathematical constant equal to about 3 . 14 . 40 exposure of the bond to multiple electromagnetic radiation Values of v ( according to Formula I) are depicted where frequencies falling within the scope of Formula II can be golden spiral 100 intersects the x - and y -axes. Specifically, utilized . If the use of multiple electromagnetic radiation a value for v when n = 0 appears at the origin (0 , 0 ), and frequencies suitable for cleaving a bond comprising a spe additional values for v are plotted on the x - and y - axes by cific first atom and a second atom is desired , multiple traversing golden spiral 100 counterclockwise and outward 45 electromagnetic radiation frequencies may be determined by as n increases . For example , the value of v for n = 20 appears solving Formula II for multiple values of n or m , or on the y - axis at 110 and the value of v for n = 17 appears on combinations thereof. Such multiple frequencies may fur the x - axis at 120 . Orders of magnitude of each v value ther be determined according to Formula II by inputting the according to Formula II are depicted above and below the base frequency parameter As for each bonded atom . It is respective v value outside of the xy -plane. That is , orders of 50 contemplated that two , three or up to eight ormore frequen magnitude of a particular value of v lie along the line parallel cies of electromagnetic radiation (v ') may be used . The to the z - axis passing through the particular location in the bonds to be cleaved may be irradiated with the multiple xy -plane at which that value for v is depicted . Orders of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation simultaneously , magnitude of v values for which m is negative appear below sequentially or in a combination thereof. In other embodi the xy -plane, while orders of magnitude of v values for 55 ments, exposure to a single electromagnetic frequency fall which m is positive appear above the xy -plane. For example ing within the scope of Formula II may be utilized . and according to Formula II, v ' when n = 17 and m = 9 appears FIG . 2 illustrates an embodiment of the invention wherein at 130 in FIG . 1 . In sum , FIG . 1 depicts a polar represen electromagnetic radiation (E ) is directed to a material 200. tation of Formula II as limit ( yHz -> YHz] Vo = AF, 0 ” . e: 10 " , The electromagnetic radiation ( E ) is generated by an elec where v , V20 , etc . are representations of the prime EMF” 60 tromagnetic frequency generator 210 , such as by way of existing on the xy -axis for a targeted element ( e . g., hydro - non -limiting examples , a laser, maser or oscillator. The gen ), and its respective " prime EMF octaves ,” existing on frequency ( v ') of the electromagnetic radiation is selected the z -axis, where the octaves = ( specific prime EMFx10 " ), according to Formula II. The materialmay be in any form , and where m = + integers and n = + integers . Note that when n such as a solid , liquid or gas . Depending on the atom utilized is positive , the spiral curve will rotate in a counter clockwise 65 to determine the base frequency (Afr ) input into Formula II , direction ( as depicted ), but when n is negative , the spiral the electromagnetic radiation ( E ) can be used to selectively curve will rotate in the opposite (clockwise ) direction cleave a bond between two atoms in the material 200, where

Page 12

the base frequency utilized to solve Formula II corresponds TABLE I-continued to at least one of the atoms in the material .

Formula II may be used to calculate a finite number of Exemplary Frequencies For Cleaving a Covalent Bond specific values of electromagnetic frequencies for each type that Bonds a Hydrogen to Another Atom of atom ( i. e . each element) . From this finite number of 5 Hfr 013 . e . 100 2 .011621308 THz electromagnetic frequencies, a technician with the aid of a H 014 . e . 10° 3 .254871649 THz tunable electromagnetic radiation frequency generator will H 015 . e . 10° 5 . 266492956 THz be able to simply tune through the given predetermined H 016 . e . 10° 8 . 521364605 THz

electromagnetic frequencies corresponding to Formula II for H 018 . e . 10° 22. 3092216 THz the specific type of atom selected and observe and record 10 H5 . 019 . e . 10° 36 .09707972 THz which select electromagnetic frequency or frequencies are H 020 . e . 100 58 .40630188 THz suitable for cleaving the molecule . Such a technician may HK 021 . e . 10° 94 .50338158 THz

simply observe the material for signs that bonds have been H 023 . e . 10° 247 .413065 THz broken . HF 024 . e . 10° 0 . 4003227485 PHz One embodiment of the invention includes a method for 15 Ho 025 . e . 100 0 .6477358136 PHz cleaving a hydrogen - containing covalent bond , i.e . a cova H 026 . e . 10° 1 .048058562 PHz

lent bond where one of the atoms is a hydrogen atom . When one of the first or second atoms is a hydrogen atom , the base

frequency may be solved for hydrogen or for the second Hr030 . e . 100 7 . 18350025 PHz

atom to which the hydrogen atom is bonded . Determination 20 Hfr 032 . e . 100 18 .80664781 PHZ of the base frequency for hydrogen (H ) is accomplished by first determining the maximum wavelength of absorption ( max ) for diatomic (molecular) hydrogen (H2). The base In some embodiments of the invention , bonds can be frequency of an element is determined by the formula : dissociated by exposing the bonds to electromagnetic radia 25 tion comprising a frequency according Formula II without

Afr = Cimax Formula III.

any additional processes or steps . In other embodiments , the process of cleaving bonds by exposure to electromagnetic

In Formula III, the term c represents the speed of light. radiation

Accordingly , with a maximum wavelength of 21. 1 cm , the having a frequency according to Formula IImay be combined with another process known to be useful for base frequency for ground state, natural hydrogen (HX" ) is 30 breaking about 1. 420405751698 GHz. bonds , such as by way of a non - limiting example , The process of cleaving a covalent bond between a electrolysis .

hydrogen atom and another atom may include directing cleaving a covalent bondofbetween

In one embodiment the invention , the process for a hydrogen atom and a electromagnetic radiation of one or more of the frequencies according to Formula II at a material having molecules with135 bonds in water. In the case of water, the second atom is used for cleaving hydrogen -oxygen the hydrogen - oxygen at least one covalent bond between a hydrogen atom and » bonds can be cleaved by directing electromagnetic another atom . In one embodiment of the invention, such a with at least one frequency according to Formula radiationII at the process may include the use of one or more frequencies according to Formula II that are solved by inputting an Afr bonds while also utilizing another method known to be into Formula II that corresponds to the base frequency Of of 40 useful in breaking the hydrogen -oxygen bonds of water, hydrogen (Hfr ). Table I illustrates example frequencies of 4 tion withelectrolysis such as , or by directing electromagnetic radia one or more frequencies according to Formula II electromagnetic radiation for cleaving a covalent bond at the water between a hydrogen atom and a second atom . As illustrated exposing wateralone . Experimentation has shown that by to electromagnetic radiation according to in Table I, the frequencies can range from the low gigahertz Formula II, efficiency of electrolysis of the water increased range through the petahertz range and beyond . Frequencies 1 - 24 ) 45 by abo , electrolysis ofwaterto combined about ranging from Yottahertz (yHz, on the order of 10 - 24 Hz) 45 byparticularly 1, 250 % compared electrolysis alone . More radiation through , and including , Yottahertz ( Yhz , on the the water to electromagnetic radiation according with exposure of order of 1024 Hz) are contemplated . Other embodiments to Formula employ frequencies falling within ranges such as, by way of II increased the volume of gas produced by 1 ,250 % com pared to electrolysis alone when conducted under otherwise non - limiting examples, 10 -10 Hz through 1010 Hz, 10 -> Hz 50 identical through 10 Hz, or 10 Hz through 1020 Hz. conditions.

In some embodiments of the invention , the process of

TABLE I cleaving a bond between a first and second atom with electromagnetic radiation does not include a process of

Exemplary Frequencies For Cleaving a Covalent Bond cleaving a silicon -hydrogen bond . In other embodiments of that Bonds a Hydrogen to Another Atom 55 the invention , the process of cleaving a bond connecting a Har 0° . e . 100 3 . 861063144 GHz hydrogen to a second atom by exposing the bond to elec H 01 . e : 100 6 .247331399 GHz tromagnetic radiation according to Formula II does not H502 . e . 10° 10 . 10839454 GHz include irradiation with electromagnetic radiation having a .. 03 . e . 10° 16 . 35572594 GHz frequency of 6 .2x10 - THz (i. e ., electromagnetic radiation

42 .81984642 GHz 60 having a wavelength of 4 . 8 microns). In still other embodi

HF 06 . e . 10° 69 . 2839669 GHz ments of the invention , the process of cleaving a silicon H : 07 . e . 10° 112. 1038133 GHz hydrogen bond by exposing the silicon -hydrogen bond to HF 08 . e . 100 181. 3877802 GHz electromagnetic radiation according to Formula II does not

include exposing the silicon - hydrogen bond to electromag

65 netic radiation having a frequency of 6 .2x102 THz.

Hr012 . e : 100 1 . 243250341 THz In another embodiment of the invention , a bond between an oxygen atom and a second atom can be cleaved by

Page 13

exposing the bond to electromagnetic radiation having a invention , such frequencies may be obtained by solving frequency according to Formula II. For cleaving a bond Formula II for the base frequencies of each of the bonded between an oxygen atom and a second atom , Formula IImay atoms. That is , each electromagnetic radiation frequency be solved utilizing a base frequency for oxygen or for the may correspond to a different base frequency . In still other atom to which oxygen is bonded . The base frequency of 5 embodiments of the invention , such electromagnetic radia oxygen (06 ) may be determined by inputting the maximum tion frequencies may be determined by solving Formula II absorption wavelength amor ) for diatomic (molecular) oxy - for the base frequencies of each of the bonded atoms and gen ( 0 , ) into Formula III. Because the maximum absorption solving for various values of n or m , or a combination wavelength of oxygen is 760 nm the base frequency of thereof, for each base frequency . For example, it is contem atmospheric , ground state triplet oxygen comprising 016 , 10 plated that in one embodiment of the invention , a hydrogen 017 and is in atmospheric proportions ( fr ) is determined oxygen bond can be irradiated with electromagnetic radia to be about 0 . 3947368421 PHz. tion comprising at least one frequency of Table I and at least The process of cleaving a covalent bond between an one frequency of Table II.

oxygen atom and another atom may include directing elec - In one embodiment of the invention , the frequencies of tromagnetic radiation of one or more of the frequencies 15 electromagnetic radiation utilized for cleaving a bond according to Formula II at a material having molecules with between a first and a second atom will correspond to at least at least one covalent bond between an oxygen atom and one frequency of electromagnetic radiation according to another atom . In one embodiment of the invention , such a Formula II solved for the base frequency of the first atom process may include the use of one or more frequencies and at least one frequency of electromagnetic radiation according to Formula II that are solved by inputting a base 20 according to Formula II solved for the base frequency of the frequency (Afr ) into Formula II that corresponds to the base second atom . In such embodiments, there are multiple , at frequency of oxygen (Of ). Table II illustrates examples of least two, electromagnetic radiation frequencies utilized to electromagnetic radiation frequencies for cleaving a cova - cleave the bond. In some embodiments, the frequencies of lent bond between an oxygen atom and a second atom . electromagnetic radiation utilized to cleave a bond will be 25 selected such that all frequencies selected are within 5 % of

TABLE II largest frequency value selected . In other embodiments , the Exemplary Frequencies For Cleaving a Covalent Bond frequencies selected will all be within 10 % of largest fre that Bonds an Oxygen to Another Atom quency value selected . In some embodiments of the inven tion , the bond between a first and second atom to be cleaved

OF . 0° . e : 100 1.073005985 PHz 30 will be irradiated with a narrow band of electromagnetic Ofr . 01 . e . 100 1.736160154 PHz radiation that includes the multiple frequencies of electro 06 : 02 . e . 100 2 .809166138 PHz magnetic radiation selected according to the process

described above . In other embodiments , the bond between a

..05 100 11 . 89981872 PHz first and second atom to be cleaved will be irradiated with Of 06 . e . 100 19 .25431115 PHz 35 multiple specific electromagnetic radiation frequencies that Of . 07 . e : 100 31 . 15412987 PHz correspond to the electromagnetic radiation frequencies

06 . 09 . e . 10° 81. 56257087 PHz selected according to the process described above. O 010 . e : 100 131. 9710119 PHz FIG . 3 depicts the absorption maxima of chlorophyll “ a” , O 011 . e : 100 213.5335827 PHz 300 and 310 . Chlorophyll “ a” is a photoreceptor that is

40 known to absorb red and blue light, resulting in the initiation

OF . 014 . e . 100 904.5427719 PHz of the cleavage of water ( H , O ) into hydrogen and oxygen , 0 . 015 . e . 100 1.463580949 EHz which then are used to begin a plant's production of carbo O 016 . e . 10° 2 . 368123721 EHz hydrates. As illustrated in FIG . 3 , when base frequency (Afr )

corresponds to the base frequency of hydrogen , Formula II

45 predicts both the blue and the red wavelength absorption

16 .23136145 EHz maxima of chlorophyll “ a” . Likewise, when base frequency

(Adv ) corresponds to the base frequency of oxygen , Formula 06 . 023 . e . 10° 68. 75715046 EHz II also predicts both the blue and the red absorption wave O : 024 . e . 10° 111. 2514064 EHZ length maxima of chlorophyll “ a ” . Therefore, this shows that

50 Formula II accurately predicts the relationship between the

base frequencies of hydrogen and oxygen and known bio

O 028 . e . 10° 762.5284835 EHZ logical realities.

O 029 . e : 100 1.233797004 ZHz In one embodiment of the invention , it is contemplated O 030 . e : 100 1 .996325487 ZHz that cleavage of a bond between a first and second atom may 0 . 031 . e : 10° 3 .23012249 ZHz 55 be accomplished for a specific isotope ofeither or both of the

first and second atoms. In such a process , a frequency of

0 . 034 . e . 100 13.68301844 ZHz electromagnetic radiation according to Formula II may be 0 . 035 . e . 10° 22. 13958891 ZHZ determined utilizing a base frequency of a specific isotope of 0 . 036 . e . 100 35 .82260735 ZHZ either the first or second atom . For example , the base

60 frequency may be determined for hydrogen (' H ), deuterium (²H ) or tritium ( H ). Isotope selectivity may be desired in

It is contemplated that some embodiments of the inven some embodiments for various reasons. For example, in an tion include exposing a bond to electromagnetic radiation embodiment where the first or second atom is a hydrogen comprising multiple frequencies according to Formula II. In isotope , the process could be utilized to selectively cleave some embodiments of the invention , such frequencies may 65 hydrogen , deuterium , or tritium in order to produce molecu be obtained by solving Formula II for multiple values of n lar hydrogen ( H ), molecular deuterium (PH ) or molecular or m , or a combination thereof. In other embodiments of the tritium ( H2), respectively .

Page 14

In one embodiment of the invention , it is contemplated largely un - exposed and , thus, are not susceptible to electro that cleavage of a bond between a first atom and a second magnetic -radiation -induced bond cleavage . It is also atom will be accomplished by irradiating the bond with believed that when used with water, the second process electromagnetic radiation having a frequency according to breaks the large water clusters 400 and 410 into smaller Formula II, where Formula II is solved for the base fre - 5 water clusters 420 , as schematically illustrated in FIG . 4 . quency of the first or second atom with the smaller atomic Because the smaller water clusters possess fewer water mass . The atomic mass of an atom is the sum of the mass of molecules, fewer hydrogen - oxygen bonds are shielded from the neutrons, protons and electrons of the atom . the electromagnetic radiation by the “ surface ” of the cluster. Irradiating a bond utilizing a specific frequency or a Accordingly , when the macrostructure of the water mol narrow band of electromagnetic radiation is generally more 10 ecules is in the form of small water clusters 420 , the efficient compared to the use of broad -band electromagnetic hydrogen -oxygen bonds are more exposed to electromag radiation for several reasons. By irradiating a bond with a netic radiation and more readily cleaved . Therefore , in one specific frequency of electromagnetic radiation specifically embodiment, the second process can be initially utilized to selected to cleave the bond , instead of a broad -band of break the super 400 and icosahedral 410 clusters into smaller electromagnetic radiation , less energy is required to cleave 15 cluster sizes 420 , followed by the first process utilized to the bond because energy will not be wasted on emitting cleave the bonds in the smaller clusters 420 Accordingly, the frequencies that are ineffective at cleaving the desired bond second process can be used in combination with the first It is also contemplated that certain frequencies of electro - process in a method of cleaving, e .g ., the hydrogen -oxygen magnetic radiation may adversely impact the desired bond bond of water . In sum , as depicted in FIG . 4 , breaking down cleavage . Accordingly , for at least these reasons, the use of 20 the cluster sizes into manageable chains and rings by mov specific frequencies of electromagnetic radiation facilitates ing the water (a dipole molecule ) through a pulsating bond cleavage with less energy requirements than would be magnetic flux retards ongoing re -configuration , aligning required by broad -band irradiation . molecules as they are in ice, reducing H -bonding possibili Furthermore, utilization of a specific frequency of elec - ties without freezing. Once aligned , continuing pulsation of tromagnetic radiation for cleaving a bond between a first and 25 magnetic flux within increasingly smaller cavities causes second atom may be advantageous when it is desired to cavitation , systematically breaking down molecules further cleave a specific bond in a molecule that has more than two without chance of molecular reconstituting or reformation types of atoms. For example irradiation of methanol (i.e ., large clusters are not reformed ). (H2COH ) with electromagnetic radiation having a frequency FIG . 5 illustrates an embodiment of the invention which according to Formula II where the base frequency is the base 30 combines a first process (the application of electromagnetic frequency of hydrogen (Hr) may be useful for cleaving the radiation having at least one frequency of Formula II ) with hydrogen - oxygen and the hydrogen - carbon bonds, while a second process (facilitation of bond cleavage by exposure leaving the carbon -oxygen bond intact . of the water to cavitation and a pulsed magnetic field ). FIG . In one embodiment of the invention , a second process 5 illustrates an apparatus 500 comprising a coiled cylindrical may be utilized in combination with a first process to 35 body 510 . Although the invention is not limited to such an facilitate bond cleavage (the first process being the applica - embodiment, the coiled cylindrical body depicted in FIG . 5 tion of electromagnetic radiation having a frequency accord proceeds from an outer coil 520 to an inner coil 530 . As the ing to Formula II). The second process is particularly useful coiled body 510 proceeds from the outer coil 520 to the inner when the material is a liquid . It is contemplated that the coil 530, the diameter of the coil 540 becomes progressively second process may be useful when , e . g ., a liquid tends to 40 smaller. At the open end of the outer coil, the interior of the form macrostructures or quasicrystals via non -covalent coiled cylindrical body is accessible via themouth 550 of the interactions , such as hydrogen bonding , van der Waals cylinder. In some embodiments , as the coiled body proceeds forces , etc . The second process involves subjecting the from the outer coil 520 to the inner coil 530 , the diameter of liquid to cavitation , such as in a spiral vortex , a pulsed the cylindrical portion of the body 560 becomes progres magnetic field , or a combination thereof. In one embodi- 45 sively smaller. Furthermore, in some embodiments , the ment, the magnetic field can be pulsed at at least one interior of the cylindrical body is lined with a coil of frequency that corresponds to Formula II . electromagnetic transmitting nodes 570 . The electromag The second process may be utilized in concert with the netic transmitting nodes 570 may emit electromagnetic first process in order to increase the efficiency of bond radiation having one or more frequencies according to cleavage by exposing the bonds which are to be cleaved to 50 Formula II , including frequencies obtained by plugging the the electromagnetic radiation of the first process . The second base frequencies of one or both of the atoms involved in the process, if utilized in concert with the first process, may bond that is to be cleaved into Formula II . In some embodi occur concurrently or sequentially with the first process. The m ents of the invention , different electromagnetic frequen second process may also be useful in facilitating other cies of Formula II are transmitted by different portions of the methods of bond cleavage , such as electrolysis . 55 electromagnetic transmitting nodes 570 . In other embodi FIG . 4 illustrates super 400 and icosahedral 410 water ments of the invention , the electromagnetic frequencies clusters, which may comprise hundreds or even thousands of transmitted by the electromagnetic transmitting nodes 570 water molecules. While not wishing to be bound by any may not be the same throughout the entire process . In other theory of operation , it is believed that the formation of these words, if desired , the electromagnetic transmitting nodes clusters limits the number of covalent hydrogen -oxygen 60 570 at specific points along the interior of the coiled cylin bonds that are exposed to the electromagnetic radiation of drical body may change the frequency of electromagnetic the first process . The “ surface ” of the cluster appears to radiation transmitted . Furthermore , although the invention is block much of the electromagnetic radiation from entering not so limited , the apparatus of FIG . 5 comprises magnetic the “ interior" of the cluster. Therefore, it is believed that windings 580 that are spaced intermittently along the coiled while the hydrogen -oxygen bonds that are on the " surface ” 65 cylindrical body. In another embodiment of the invention , of the cluster are exposed to the electromagnetic radiation , the magnetic windings may be continuously placed along the hydrogen - oxygen bonds that are within the cluster are the coiled cylindrical body .

Page 15

In one embodiment of the invention , the apparatus of FIG . lar form of that atom and may be determined according to 5 can be utilized in a method for cleaving the hydrogen Formula III. The symbol Ø represents the golden mean , oxygen bonds ofwater. Themethod can be utilized , e.g., for equal to 1/2 (1 + V5 ). The variables n and m may be any integer , generating hydrogen gas (H2) and oxygen gas (O2). Water including negative integers, positive integers and zero , and can be introduced into the mouth 550 of the apparatus 5 may be the same or different . The constant e is defined as the whereby it will become subject to the electromagnetic base for natural logs , equal to about 2 .71828 . The constant frequencies according to Formula II being transmitted by the L is defined as the natural log of the number two, equal to electromagnetic transmitting nodes 570 found within the about 0 .693 . The variablet is equal to the variable n . In some interior of the coiled cylindrical body 510 . As the water embodiments , the variable n is a negative number when the flows inward inside the coiled cylindrical body 510 , the 10 electromagnetic radiation frequency according to Formula large water clusters , such as super 400 and icosahedral 410 IV is utilized to retard the process of affecting an atom or clusters , will be broken into smaller clusters 420 because of, molecule with electromagnetic radiation having a frequency e . g ., ( 1 ) the spiraling flow or “ vortex ” of the water ; (2 ) the according to Formula II. In other embodiments, the variable decreasing diameter of the cylindrical body ; and (3 ) the n is a negative number when the electromagnetic radiation magnetic pulsation of the magnetic coils . The hydrogen - 15 frequency according to Formula IV is utilized to make an oxygen bonds of water in the smaller clusters 420 will then atom , element or molecule less reactive . In some embodi be more susceptible to bond cleavage induced by the elec ments , the variable n is a positive number when the elec tromagnetic radiation transmitted by the electromagnetic tromagnetic radiation frequency according to Formula IV is transmitting nodes 570 . In various embodiments of the utilized to accelerate the process of affecting an atom or invention , the use of any manner of breaking large water 20 molecule with electromagnetic radiation having a frequency clusters into smaller clusters is contemplated , including according to Formula II. In other embodiments , the variable those recited herein , and any other known method of break - n is a positive number when the electromagnetic radiation ing large water clusters into smaller clusters , or any com - frequency according to Formula IV is utilized to make an binations thereof. atom , element or molecule more reactive . Furthermore , it is contemplated that in some embodi- 25 In some embodiments, the frequencies (v " ) of electro ments of the invention , a method of cleaving bonds com - magnetic radiation according to Formula IV fall within , and prising the first and second processes may further be com - include, the range of yoctaherz ( yHz, on the order of 10 - 24 bined with another process known to be useful in cleaving Hz) and yottahertz (Yhz , on the order of 1024 Hz). Other bonds. For example , electrolysis is known to convert H , O to embodiments employ frequencies falling within ranges such H , and 0 %. Accordingly , the first and second processes may 30 as, by way of non - limiting examples, 10 - 1° Hz through 1010 be used to increase the efficiency of electrolysis . Using a Hz, 10 - Hz through 10 Hz, or 10 Hz through 1020 Hz. broad -band electromagnetic frequency generator, electroly Note that in certain embodiments , both v (according to sis ofwater was observed to increase by about 1 , 250 % when Formula I) and v " fall within these ranges. That is, once compared to electrolysis alone . values for v are calculated according to Formula I that fall In some embodiments of the invention , the process of 35 within a given range, then additional orders of magnitude of affecting an atom or a molecule by exposing the atom or V , calculated as v " according to Formula IV , may be calcu molecule to electromagnetic radiation having a frequency lated such that they still lie within the given range . according to Formula II may be accelerated or retarded by additionally irradiating the atom or molecule with electro p "" =(v.L -1).10 ^ e-2-1= (47:0 ”.L-1). 10 e-L Formula V . magnetic radiation with a frequency according to Formula 40 In Formula V , the term v'' is the frequency of electro IV , electromagnetic radiation with a frequency according to magnetic radiation useful for accelerating or retarding the Formula V, or a combination thereof. Formula IV and rate of the process of affecting an atom or a molecule by Formula V are described below . In other embodiments, exposing the atom or molecule to electromagnetic radiation electromagnetic radiation having a frequency according to having a frequency according to Formula V . In some either or both of Formula IV and Formula V may be utilized , 45 embodiments , the process to be accelerated or retarded may independent of electromagnetic radiation having a fre - be a process of cleaving bonds between a first and a second quency according to Formula II, in order to cause elements , atom . The term Afy represents the base frequency of one of atoms, compounds, or a combination thereof, to be more or the atoms that is bonded . A base frequency of one of the first less reactive . Formula IV and Formula V may affect energy or second atoms is a spectroscopic parameter associated states and bonding potentials of all atomic matter, such as by 50 with that atom . The spectroscopic parameter may be,by way affecting electron orbitals of elements, atoms, compounds or of non - limiting example, a frequency corresponding to the a combination thereof. maximum wavelength of absorption ( max ) for the molecu lar form of that atom and may be determined according to

V "= Ve-Lt-1.10º = 47: 0".e- Lt.10M Formula IV. Formula III. The symbol o represents the golden mean , In Formula IV , the term vi is the frequency of electro - 55 equal to 1/2( 1 + V5 ). The variables n and m may be any integer , magnetic radiation useful for accelerating or retarding the including negative integers , positive integers and zero , and rate of the process of affecting the atom or the molecule by may be the sameor different. The constant e is defined as the exposing the atom or molecule to electromagnetic radiation base for natural logs , equal to about 2 .71828 . The constant having a frequency according to Formula II. In some L is defined as the natural log of the number two, equal to embodiments, the process to be accelerated or retarded may 60 about 0 .693 . In some embodiments, the variable n is a be a process of cleaving bonds between a first and a second negative number when the electromagnetic radiation fre atom . The term Afr represents the base frequency of one of quency according to Formula V is utilized to retard the the atoms that is bonded . A base frequency of one of the first process of affecting an atom or molecule with electromag or second atoms is a spectroscopic parameter associated netic radiation having a frequency according to Formula II. with that atom . The spectroscopic parameter may be, by way 65 In other embodiments, the variable n is a negative number of non - limiting example , a frequency corresponding to the when the electromagnetic radiation frequency according to maximum wavelength of absorption amar) for the molecu - Formula V is utilized to make an atom , element or molecule

Page 16

less reactive . In some embodiments , the variable n is a TABLE III - continued positive number when the electromagnetic radiation fre quency according to Formula V is utilized to accelerate the Exemplary Frequencies According to Formula IV for Accelerating or Retarding the Cleavage of a Bond Between a process of affecting an atom or molecule with electromag Hydrogen Atom and Another Atom netic radiation having a frequency according to Formula II . 5 Ho : 08 . el- L-8) . 100 0 . 260966605 GHz In other embodiments , the variable n is a positive number H . 0°. el-L.9) . 100 0 .211157495 GHz when the electromagnetic radiation frequency according to

Formula V is utilized to make an atom , element or molecule more reactive .

In some embodiments , the frequencies (v"" ) of electro - 10 TABLE IV magnetic radiation according to Formula V fall within , and Exemplary Frequencies According to Formula V for Accelerating include, the range of yoctaherz (yHz, on the order of 10 -24 or Retarding the Cleavage of a Bond Between Hz) and yottahertz (Yhz, on the order of 1024 Hz ). Other a Hydrogen Atom and Another Atom embodiments employ frequencies falling within ranges such as ,by way of non - limiting examples, 10 - 1° Hz through 1010 15 Hfr 01 . el-L 1 ) . 100 1 .660640437 GHz H : 0² . el-L·1) . 100 2 .68697267 GHz

Hz, 10 -5 Hz through 10 % Hz, or 10 Hz through 1020 Hz. H 03 . el-L·1) . 100 4 .347613107 GHz Note that in certain embodiments , both v (according to H 04 . (-L 1) . 100

Formula I) and v'' fall within these ranges. That is, once H . 06 . el-L·l) . 100

values for v are calculated according to Formula I that fall Ho : 07 . el-L · l) . 100 29 .79898354 GHz within a given range , then additional orders ofmagnitude of 20 H 08 . el-L-1) . 100 48 . 2157682 GHz v , calculated as v '" according to Formula V , may be calcu H 024 . e(-L·1) . 100 0 . 1064121785 PHz lated such that they still lie within the given range. HF 025 . el-L-1) . 100 0 .1721785217 PHz In some embodiments , simultaneous exposure of the bond H 026 . el-L:1) . 100 0 .2785907002 PHz to multiple electromagnetic radiation frequencies falling HC : 027 . el- L-1) . 100 0 . 450762218 PHz Hyr028 . el- L-1) . 100 0 .7293599219 PHz within the scope of Formula IV or Formula V , or a combi- 25 Ho : 029 . el-L ·1) . 100 1 . 180129144 PHz nation thereof, may be utilized . Multiple electromagnetic Ho : 030 . el-L :1) . 100 1 . 909489066 PHz radiation frequencies may be determined by solving either or HF031 . el- L·1) . 100 3 .089618209 PHZ H 032 . el-L·1) . 100 4 .999107274 PHz both of Formulas IV and V for multiple values of n and /or m . Such multiple frequencies of electromagnetic radiation may further be determined according to either or both of 30 In some embodiments, at least one narrow band of elec

Formulas IV and V by inputting the base frequency param - tromagnetic frequencies comprising at least one frequency eter Af, for each bonded atom . It is contemplated that two , of electromagnetic radiation selected from Formula II and at three or up to eight or more frequencies (v " and /or vi ') may least one frequency of electromagnetic radiation frequency be used to accelerate or retard a process of affecting an atom according to either or both of Formula IV and V is utilized or a molecule by exposing the atom or molecule to electro - 35 to affect an atom or a molecule . In other embodiments , magnetic radiation having a frequency according to Formula multiple specific frequencies corresponding to at least one II. frequency of electromagnetic radiation corresponding to In one embodiment of the invention , a hydrogen - contain Formula II and at least one frequency of electromagnetic ing covalent bond is irradiated with at least one electromag radiation corresponding to either or both of Formulas IV and netic radiation frequency according to Formula II, solved for 40 V are used . In some embodiments the frequencies of elec a base frequency of hydrogen, and at least one electromag - tromagnetic radiation selected are selected such that the netic radiation frequency according to either or both of radiation corresponding to the at least one frequency of

Formulas IV and V , solved for a base frequency of hydrogen . Formula II and the frequencies of electromagnetic radiation Exemplary frequencies of electromagnetic radiation accord - corresponding to either or both of Formulas IV and V are all ing to Formulas IV and V solved for the base frequency of 45 within 5 % of the largest frequency selected . In other hydrogen are illustrated in Table IV and Table V , respec embodiments, the frequencies of Formula II and either or tively . both of Formulas IV and V are all within 10 % of the largest frequency selected .

TABLE III The following formulas (VI-VIII) may be useful in some 50 embodiments for attenuating EMFs and cancelling possible

Exemplary Frequencies According to Formula IV for Accelerating aberrant feedback or cavitation waves during processing . or Retarding the Cleavage of a Bond Between a Note that, as discussed in detail above , v ,p = A6 : = n .et: 10 +m . Hydrogen Atom and Another Atom

Hfr 0 - 8 . el-L -8 ) . 100 7. 731665658 GHz Jdy= f4f0+” .ex.de Formula VI Ho : 0 - 7 . el- L. - 7) . 100 6 .255909898 GHz 55

H 0 -5 . el- L - 5) . 100 4 .095673463 GHz ?dy= A7 : ="sex .de

H - 2 . el-L .- 2) . 100 2 .169589563 GHz Sdy = 44: 0 =n .ex:10 +m + c, since ?ex.de = et +c , wherein H 0 - 1 . el-L - 1) . 100 1 .75547643 GHz x - 1 , e = 2.718 . . . and c = 0 .

Formula VII

HK 06 . el-L-6) . 10° 0 . 398604143 GHz 65

Page 17

- continued In another embodiment of the invention , the process of cleaving selected bonds can be used in various industrial ? dy= Afet fa .com where

Formula VIII applications, particularly in purification and cleaning pro cesses. By selecting a frequency according to Formula II that un corresponds to at least one atom bonded to another in a *** = inco) + contaminant and irradiating a contaminated object with fdy = (Afrietj?tn electromagnetic radiation having such a frequency , pro

+ c. cesses of the invention can be utilized to clean or purify the contaminated object. It is also contemplated that the pro 10 cesses of the invention can be used in methods of toxic waste

The processes of the various embodiments of the inven - and chemical cleanup .

tion have varied practical applicability . In one specific embodiment, the process can be utilized to In various embodiments of the invention , the process of clean cler an oil spill. Because oil primarily consists of hydro carbons, the cleaning of an oil spill can be achieved , for irradiating a bond with electromagnetic radiation having a 15 example ,by selecting at least one frequency of electromag frequency according to Formula IImay be achieved for any netic radiation according to Formula II solved for a base chemical bond, including those in organic and inorganic frequency of carbon compounds, and metal alloys. For example, the process may selected frequency orand irradiating the oil spill site with the frequencies. As the carbon - carbon and be used to cleave water bonds, including the water bonds of carbon -hydrogen bonds are cleaved by the irradiation pro seawater. As a result , in one embodiment of the invention ention , a 20 cess, volatile hydrocarbons, short chain alcohols, etc . will be process of desalinating seawater is envisioned . Seawater formed and will evaporate and /or dissolve . may be irradiated with at least one frequency of electro - In certain embodiments of the invention , Formula II is magnetic radiation according to Formula II, thereby creating solved for electromagnetic radiation frequencies suitable for hydrogen and oxygen . The hydrogen and oxygen may then strengthening bonds or forming ( creating) bonds between a be reacted with one another to prepare desalinated water. 25 first and a second atom . It is contemplated that the same In other embodiments of the invention , the process of frequency of electromagnetic radiation utilized to form the irradiating bonds with at least one frequency of electromag - bond may also serve to strengthen the same bond . The netic radiation according to Formula II may be used to meanings of the terms in Formula II are as described above cleave the bonds of, by way of non -limiting example , for affecting an atom or molecule , generally, as are the hydrocarbons , alumina (including transparent alumina ), 30 techniques for determining the value of the terms to be used hydrogenated silicon , and steel alloys . in Formula II. In order to strengthen or create a bond In one embodiment of the invention , simple cleavage and between two atoms, Formula II may be solved utilizing a dissociation of water into its elemental constituents of base frequency of the either or both of the first and the second atoms. In order to achieve bond strengthening or hydrogen and oxygen , and in turn into molecular hydrogenel 35 bond formation , either or both of the first and second atoms and oxygen , can be utilized to prepare hydrogen gas as fuel are irradiated on demand . In some embodiments , the process of preparing with at least one frequency of electromagnetic hydrogen gas and oxygen gas can be used to power com radiation either or solved according to Formula II . The irradiation of both of the first and second atoms is intended to bustion engines for transportation , such as in an internal encompass irradiation of either or both of the first and combustion engine of an automobile . In other embodimentsS,, 40 second atoms that are not bonded to one another as well as the hydrogen and oxygen can be combusted to create either or both of the first and second atoms wherein the first electricity for fuel cell technology or in generators for and second atoms are bonded . In certain embodiments, a producing electricity . It is contemplated that such embodi - method of strengthening and/ or forming a bond will be ments are useful for powering, by way of non - limiting achieved by irradiating either or both of the first and second examples, automobiles, personal generators, and utility 45 atoms with a frequency of electromagnetic radiation accord plants. It is also conceived that the hydrogen and oxygen ing to Formula II wherein the variable n is a negative integer. gases produced by way of the invention can be used in The irradiation of either or both of the first and second atoms various heating applications. may be achieved by utilizing a specific frequency of elec The combustion of hydrogen gas prepared according to tromagnetic radiation according to Formula II or at least one the processes of the invention is advantageous because the 50 narrow band of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation hydrogen gas is prepared from an abundant resource : water. encompassing at least the specific frequency of electromag Furthermore, the combustion of hydrogen gas is advanta - netic radiation according to Formula II. Furthermore , bond geousbecause it does not produce the byproducts associated strengthening or bond formation of specific isotopes may be with the combustion of fossil fuels. The combustion of achieved by irradiating either or both of the first and second hydrogen gas produces only water vapor whereas the com - 55 atoms with an electromagnetic radiation frequency corre bustion of fossil fuels can create , among others , carbon sponding to a base frequency corresponding to a specific dioxide, carbon monoxide, carbon soot and various hydro - isotope of either or both the first and second atoms. carbons. Formula II may be used to calculate a finite number of In another embodiment of the invention , cleavage and specific values of electromagnetic frequencies for each type dissociation of water into its elemental constituents of 60 of atom (i. e . each element). From this finite number of hydrogen and oxygen can be utilized to desalinate or purify electromagnetic frequencies , a technician with the aid of a seawater or polluted water, respectively. The hydrogen and tunable electromagnetic radiation frequency generator will oxygen gases produced from water by the processes of the be able to simply tune through the given predetermined invention can be reacted with one another to produce water electromagnetic frequencies corresponding to Formula II for free of salt and contaminants . In such a manner , purified , 65 the specific type of atom selected and observe and record desalinated water could be provided on a scale hitherto which select electromagnetic frequency or frequencies are thought impossible . suitable for bond strengthening or bond formation . Such a

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technician may simply observe the material for signs of radiation according to Formula II . Furthermore, mimicking bond strengthening or formation in a number of manners , ofmolecules comprising specific isotopes may be achieved including by way of non - limiting example observation of by irradiating the medium with an electromagnetic radiation precipitate, change in color, change in spectrographic frequency corresponding to a base frequency of a specific parameters , change in isotropic or allotropic formation , and 5 isotope of either or both of the first and second atoms. change in material state ofmolecule . Multiple frequencies of electromagnetic radiation accord Multiple frequencies of electromagnetic radiation accord ing to Formula II may be useful for mimicking a molecule . ing to Formula II may be useful for facilitating bond Multiple frequencies of electromagnetic radiation useful for strengthening or bond formation . Multiple frequencies of mimicking a molecule may be determined by solving For electromagnetic radiation for bond strengthening or bond 10 mula II for the base frequencies of both the first and second formation may be determined by solving Formula II for the atoms and /or may be determined by solving Formula II for base frequencies of both the first and second atoms. Multiple multiple values of n or m , or a combination thereof. The frequencies of electromagnetic radiation according to For- process of mimicking a molecule with at least one frequency mula II may be determined by solving Formula II for of electromagnetic radiation solved according to Formula II multiple values of n or m , or a combination thereof. The 15 may be augmented ( i. e . the mimicking effect is increased ) or process of bond strengthening and / or bond formation via reduced (i. e . the mimicking effect is decreased ) by also irradiation of the first and / or second atom with at least one irradiating the material with at least one frequency of frequency of electromagnetic radiation solved according to electromagnetic radiation according to either or both of Formula II may be accelerated or retarded by also irradiating Formulas IV and V .

the first and / or second atom with at least one frequency of 20 In some embodiments of the invention , when multiple electromagnetic radiation according to either or both of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation are utilized to Formulas IV and V . mimic a molecule , the multiple electromagnetic frequencies In some embodiments of the invention , when multiple according to Formula II are selected such that all frequencies frequencies of electromagnetic radiation are utilized for selected are within 5 % of largest frequency value selected . strengthening or forming bonds , at least one electromagnetic 25 In other embodiments , the frequencies selected will all be frequency according to Formula II, as well as any electro - within 10 % of largest frequency value selected . magnetic radiation frequencies of either or both of Formulas In certain embodiments of the invention , the mimicking IV and V utilized , are selected such that all frequencies of a molecule will be achieved by irradiating the medium selected are within 5 % of largest frequency value selected with multiple frequencies of electromagnetic radiation In other embodiments , the frequencies selected will all be 30 according to Formula II . In some embodiments , the medium within 10 % of largest frequency value selected . In some will be irradiated with at least one narrow band of electro embodiments of the invention , the strengthening or forma magnetic radiation that includes all , some or one of the tion of a bond will be achieved by irradiating either or both multiple frequencies of electromagnetic radiation used . In of the first and second atom with a narrow band of electro - other embodiments , the mimicking of a molecule will be magnetic radiation that includes all, some or one of the 35 achieved by irradiating the medium with the specific elec multiple frequencies of electromagnetic radiation used . In tromagnetic radiation frequencies selected therefor. other embodiments , the strengthening or formation of a In certain embodiments of the invention , the molecules bond will be achieved by irradiating either or both of the first mimicked are catalysts . Accordingly , by mimicking a cata and second atom with the specific electromagnetic radiation lyst, it is envisioned that the irradiation of a reaction mixture frequencies selected therefor . 40 will cause a reaction to proceed as if the catalyst were In certain embodiments of the invention , the method of present. In other embodiments of the invention , the mim affecting an atom and /or a molecule by exposing the atom or icked molecule is an electrolyte . When the mimicked mol molecule to electromagnetic radiation involves electromag - ecule is an electrolyte , the electrolysis of the solution netic radiation that may be used to mimic molecules , the irradiated by a frequency of electromagnetic radiation molecules having at least a first atom bonded to a second 45 according to Formula II is facilitated and progresses as it atom . The first and second atomsmay be bonded , by way of would if the electrolyte mimicked were present. In other non - limiting example , via covalent and ionic bonds. In order embodiments of the invention , the mimicked molecule is a to mimic a molecule , electromagnetic radiation having at solute . When the mimicked molecule is a solute , the irra least one frequency according to Formula II is directed at a diation of the solution with a frequency of electromagnetic medium . The medium may be of any sort, including solids, 50 radiation according to Formula II comprising the solute may liquids and gases . As a result ofbeing exposed to the at least cause the solution to behave as though the solution is one frequency of electromagnetic radiation according to saturated and cause the mimicked solute to precipitate . Formula II, the medium behaves as though the molecule In general, the frequencies of electromagnetic radiation mimicked is present in the medium . The meaning of the within the scope of the invention useful for affecting an atom terms found within Formula II are as described above for 55 and / or a molecule by exposing the atom or molecule to affecting atoms or bonds , generally , as are the techniques for electromagnetic radiation , including bond cleavage , fall determining the value of the terms to be used in Formula II. within the range between , and including, Yottahertz ( 10 - 24 In order to mimic a molecule , Formula II may be solved Hz) and Yottahertz ( 1024 Hz). Other embodiments employ utilizing a base frequency of either or both of the first and the frequencies falling within ranges such as , by way of non second atoms of the molecule to be mimicked . 60 limiting examples, 10 -10 Hz through 1010 Hz, 10 -5 Hz In order to mimic a molecule, a medium may be irradiated through 10 % Hz, or 10 % Hz through 1020 Hz. with at least one frequency of electromagnetic radiation The frequency of the electromagnetic radiation utilized to solved according to Formula II . The irradiation of the affect an atom or molecule may be calculated to be accurate medium may be achieved by utilizing a specific frequency of to nine significant digits . In other embodiments , the fre electromagnetic radiation according to Formula II or a 65 quency of the electromagnetic radiation may be calculated to narrow band of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation be accurate to any of three , four, five , six or seven significant encompassing the specific frequency of electromagnetic digits . In yet other embodiments of the invention , the

Page 19

electromagnetic radiation having a frequency of Formula II 3. The method of claim 1 further comprising: may comprise a narrow band of electromagnetic radiation selecting a second electromagnetic radiation frequency, that includes the frequency determined by Formula II . In yet the second electromagnetic radiation frequency com other embodiments , a material may be irradiated with elec prising a product of a golden mean and a base fre tromagnetic radiation , where the electromagnetic radiation 5 consists of electromagnetic radiation having a particular quency associated with at least one of the first atom and frequency , where the electromagnetic radiation consists the second atom , wherein the base frequency is based essentially of electromagnetic radiation having a particular on a maximum wavelength of absorption for the at least frequency, or where the electromagnetic radiation comprises one of the first atom and the second atom ; and electromagnetic radiation having a particular frequency. 10 directing a second electromagnetic radiation at the mate rial and subjecting thematerial to cavitation , the second

EXAMPLE electromagnetic radiation having a frequency equal to the second electromagnetic radiation frequency ,

Water was disassociated into molecular hydrogen and wherein the first electromagnetic radiation frequency molecular oxygen according to the parameters illustrated in 15 and the second electromagnetic radiation frequency are Table V below . As demonstrated below , the disassociation of sufficient to cleave the bond between the first atom and the water was enhanced by the application of electromag the second atom and cleaving the bond between the first netic radiation to the water concurrently with a current. atom and the second atom ,

TABLE V

Comparison of Disassociation of Water with Current Versus Disassociation of Water that is Exposed to Both Current and Electromagnetic Radiation of Formula II.

Comparative Example Enhanced Disassociation

Electromagnetic Frequency none variable 30 -60 KHz

Current 0 . 4 amps 0 .4 amps

Potential 9 .8 volts 9 .8 volts

Area of the electrode 251 in ? 251 in ?

Number of plates per electrode 23 23

Size of each electrode plate 44 .70 cm x 75 . 51 cm 44 .70 cm x 75 .51 cm

Current density 0 .0143 watts /in ? 0 .0143 watts /in ?

Temperature 79 .7° F .- 89 .4° F . 79.7° F.- 89 .4° F.

Electrode material 400 series Stainless Steel 400 series Stainless Steel

Distance between electrodes 4 .60 mm 4 . 60 mm

Time 1 hr 1 hr

Electrolyte 1 g Na2CO3 1 g Na2CO3

Volume of water 750 mL 750 mL

Gas (H2 and 02) evolved 0 .9 g 11.2 g

I claim : wherein the first electromagnetic radiation frequency (v1) 1 . A method of cleaving a bond between a first atom and 40 is defined by the equation :

a second atom in a molecule of a material, the method vl= Afr: 0 " .e: 10M , comprising: wherein Af, is a base frequency associated with either the calculating a first electromagnetic radiation frequency , first or second atom , 0 is a golden mean , e is a natural using an equation comprising a product of a golden log base , n is an integer, and m is an integer ; and mean and a base frequency associated with at least one 45 wherein the second electromagnetic radiation fre of the first atom and the second atom , wherein the base quency ( V2 ) is defined by the equation :

frequency is based on a maximum wavelength of V2 = Bq0.e 10%, absorption for the at least one of the first atom and the wherein Bf , is a base frequency associated with either the second atom ; directing the first electromagnetic radia first or second atom , Ø is a golden mean tion frequency at the material and causing the liquid to 30 e is a natural log base, j is an integer, and kis an integer . cavitate, the first electromagnetic radiation frequency 4 . The method of claim 3 wherein Afy is associated with having a frequency equal to the first electromagnetic the5 .first atom and Bf, is associated with the second atom . The method of claim 4 wherein Af, and Bf, are different.

radiation frequency , wherein the first electromagnetic 6 . The method of claim 3 wherein A and B are the same; radiation frequency is sufficient to cleave the bond 55 m and k are the same; and n and j are different.

between the first atom and the second atom , 7. Themethod ofclaim 3 wherein Af ,and Bf, are the same; wherein the material is a liquid , n and j are the same; and m and k are different . and the first electromagnetic radiation frequency (v ) is 8 . The method of claim 3 wherein at least one of m and defined by the equation: k are zero .

60 9 . The method of claim 3 wherein n and j are nonnegative

Vi= 4f:D”.e-10% integers.

wherein Afy is a base frequency associated with either the 10 . The method of claim 1 wherein one of the first or first or second atom , 0 is a golden mean , e is a natural log second atoms is a hydrogen atom and the other of the first base , n is an integer, and m is an integer. or second atoms is an oxygen atom . 2 . The method of claim 1 wherein the first electromag - 65 11 . The method of claim 10 wherein the hydrogen atom netic radiation frequency further comprises a power of the and the oxygen atom are part of a water molecule and the golden mean , the power being an integer . material is water.

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12 . The method of claim 11 further comprising subjecting frequency having a frequency equal to the second the water to a magnetic field . electromagnetic radiation frequency, 13 . The method of claim 12 wherein the electromagnetic wherein Af, is a base frequency associated with either the field is pulsed . first or second atom , Ø is a golden mean , e is a natural 14 . The method of claim 13 wherein the electromagnetic 5 log base , L is the natural log of two , a is an integer, and field is pulsed at a frequency (vo ) according to the formula : b is an integer.

19 . The method of either claim 17 or 18 wherein the first

Vp = 4;: D ”.e:10M, electromagnetic radiation and the second electromagnetic wherein Ac. is a base frequency associated with an atom radiation are directed at the material concurrently . in a water molecule, is a golden mean , e is a natural 10 the20processes . The method according to claim 1, further comprising of Formula VI, Formula VII and Formula VIII log base, n is an integer , and m is an integer. for attenuating EMFs and cancelling possible aberrant feed 15 . The method of claim 11 further comprising causing back or cavitation waves during processing of the method . electrical current to flow through the water. 21. A method of electrolyzing water , the method com 16 . The method of claim 1 wherein the bond to be cleaved is not a silicon -hydrogen covalentbond and v , is not 6 .2x102 15 prising : ( V1 ) is defined by the equation : frequency

THz.

17. The method of claim 1 further comprising: Vi = AFQ”.e:10M calculating a second electromagnetic radiation frequency wherein As, is a base frequency associated with either the (v " ), the second electromagnetic radiation frequency first or second atom , 0 is a golden mean , e is a natural being defined by the equation : 20 log base , n is a nonnegative integer, and m is a V "= AFQ .e-Lt.10° ; and nonnegative integer;

selecting a second frequency (v2) defined by the equation :

directing the second electromagnetic radiation fre V2 = BxQ .e-10 %, quency at the material, the second electromagnetic radiation frequency having a frequency equal to the 25 wherein B fr 18 a base frequency associated with either the second electromagnetic radiation frequency , wherein first or second atom , 0 is a golden mean , e is a natural Af is a base frequency associated with either the first or log base , j is a nonnegative integer, and k is a non second atom , Ø is a golden mean , e is a natural log negative integer;

base, L is the natural log of two, t is equal to n , x is an 30 causing the water to cavitate ;

directing a first electromagnetic radiation having the first integer, and y is an integer.

18 . The method of claim 1 further comprising: frequency at the water ; directing a second electromag calculating a second electromagnetic radiation frequency netic radiation having the second frequency at the (V'"'), the second electromagnetic radiation frequency water, wherein the step of directing the first electro being defined by the equation : magnetic radiation occurs substantially simultaneously 35 with the step of directing the second electromagnetic

V" =(47: 09.L- 1).10%et ; and radiation ; and directing the second electromagnetic radiation frequency causing electrical current to flow through the water. at the material, the second electromagnetic radiation