High efficiency hydrogen oxygen generation system and method

Page 1 — bibliographic record

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( 52) U.S. CI . 1998. [ paper, PDF ] . [ retrieved on Jun . 15 , 2020 ] . Retrieved from the CPC BOIJ 2219/0854 (2013.01 ); B01J Internet : < http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a335128.pdf> . 2219/0877 (2013.01 ) ; B01J 2219/12 (2013.01 ) Mook, W., " How Much Electricity Can Be Produced With 1L of ( 58 ) Field of Classification Search Hydrogen Gas/Liquid” [online] , [ retrieved on Jun. 15 , 2020 ) , Retrieved USPC 205/339 ; 204/ 157.5 , 157.52 ; from the Internet : <https://www.quora.com/How-much-electricity 422 / 186-187 can -be -produced -with - 1L -of -hydrogen -gas - liquid ? share = 1 > .

See application file for complete search history. Rosenkranz, P.W., “ Water Vapor Microwave Continuum Absorp tion : A Comparison of Measurements and Models ” , Radio Science , ( 56 ) References Cited vol . 33 , No. 4 , pp . 919-928 , Jul.- Aug. 1998 , Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge,

Internet: < https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/ 4,421,474 A 12/1983 Meyer 98RS01182 > .

4,613,304 A 9/1986 Meyer Dai , Z. , Su , Q. , Lu , D. , Sun , L. , and Liu , W., " A Combined 4,826,581 A 5/1989 Meyer Experimental and Theoretical Study on the Terahertz Vibrations of 4,936,961 A 6/1990 Meyer Water Vapors”, Spectrochimica Acta Part A : Molecular and Bio 5,149,407 A 9/1992 Meyer molecular Spectroscopy, vol . 214 , May 5 , 2019 , pp . 277-284 . 6,245,309 B1 * 6/2001 Etievant CO1B 3/323 [paper, PDF ] . [ retrieved on Jun . 17 , 2020 ] Retrieved from the 423/248 Internet < https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/

RE45,415 E * 3/2015 Senkiw A01G 31/02 S1386142519301209 > .

210/739 Stuve, E.M. , " Ionization of Water in Interfacial Electric Fields : An 2004/0200731 A1 * 10/2004 Sullivan HOIM 10/44 Electrochemical View ” , Chem . Phys. Letters 519-520 ( 2012 ) 1-17 . 205/628 [paper, PDF ] . [retrieved on Jun . 17 , 2020 ] , Retrieved from the 2004/0203166 A1 * 10/2004 Sullivan C25B 9/17 Internet: <https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/

2005/0023128 A1 * 2/2005 Keras B01D 53/32 Chaplin , M. , “ Water Absorption Spectrum ” , Water Structure and 204/164 Science , [ online] . [ retrieved on 2020-06-15 ] , Retrieved from the 2006/0060464 Al 3/2006 Chang Internet: < http://www1.lsbu.ac.uk/water/water vibrational spectrum . 2011/0220516 A1 * 9/2011 Finfrock C25B 1/04 html# be > .

" What is the Approximate Size of a Water Molecule ? How Was it

First Measured ?” [ online ] . [ retrieved on Jun . 15 , 2020 ] , Retrieved

OTHER PUBLICATIONS from the Internet : <https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-approximate size -of - a -water -molecule - How -was - it - first -measured > .

Mackay Alternating Current ( AC ) Dec. 12 , 2018. Retrieved from " Harmonic Oscillator ” , [ online ] . [retrieved on Jun . 15 , 2020 ] . < https://web.archive.org/web/20181015000000*/http://solar.bnsc.rl. Retrieved from the Internet : < http://universe-review.ca/R15-33 ac.uk/sb99/people/DMackay/ac.html >. harmonics.htm > .

Wikipedia “ Electric Heating" Oct. 17 , 2018. Retrieved from < https:// Flaud , J.M. , Camy -Peyret, C. , and Toth , R.A. Water Vapour Line en . wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Electric_heating&oldid= Parameters from Microwave to Medium Infrared ( An Atlas of H2 864543750 > . 160 , H2 170 , and H2 180 Line Positions and Intensities Between Kristiansen , M. and Hatfield , L.L. , “ High Voltage Water Breakdown 0 and 4350cm - 1 ) . Elsevier Ltd. ( 1981 ) . Studies ” , Technical Report Jan. 21 , 1998 038 , Texas Tech Univer sity, Pulsed Power Lab , Department of Electrical Engineering, Jan. * cited by examiner

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HIGH EFFICIENCY HYDROGEN OXYGEN for a molecule this tiny. The moment arm is almost non GENERATION SYSTEM AND METHOD existent, so the charge differential is huge compared to other molecules .

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The Debye defines the dipole moment. A proton and 5 electron 100 um apart have a dipole moment of 4.80 D by 1. Field of the Invention definition :

The present invention relates generally to a high effi ciency water reformer system that generates hydrogen and 10 oxygen from water, and more specifically, to a hydrogen and m( 3,336x10-50cm 4.80D

oxygen generation system which utilizes pulsed High Volt age emf to dissociate hydrogen and oxygen from pre According to the molecule size shown in FIG . 2 , in a stressed water molecules to produce hydrogen on - demand . water molecule equivalency the average vector sum of the H 2. Description of Related Art 15 charges moment arm would be ( ( 93.9 + 92.8 )/ 2 ) xcos ( 104.5 /

All materials have three phases ( solid , liquid and gas ) , but Calculating the dipole moment based on this moment arm , assuming charges of +1 and -1 , yields : u = 57.02 / 100 water has many unique properties. Solid water (ice ) floats (4.80 D ) =2.737 D instead of sinks unlike other materials, because the density 20 Because it is known that the water molecule is 1.8546 D , of solid water is lower than the density of liquid water. using the partial charge values of Q + and Q- or d + and 8 Moreover, water is an extremely tiny molecule having a relative to a full proton and a full electron : 1.85 D/2.737 disproportionately large electric dipole moment . D =0.6759 . Therefore , the water molecule is equivalent to Conventional prior art hydrogen and oxygen generation roughly 2/3 of a proton charge and 23 of an electron charge, systems require electrolysis, which is a very low efficiency 25 spaced 57 um apart. This makes the water molecule very process consuming far more energy than could ever be susceptible to stretching by a large E field . FIG . 3 represents recuperated in fuel cells or internal combustion engines . the H2O equivalent dipole .

Electrolysis is the chemical decomposition of water pro The energy necessary to dissociate the water molecule is duced by passing a low voltage current through the liquid illustrated in FIG . 4 , using the standard quantum mechanical water with an added electrolyte to produce hydrogen and 30 “Morse Potentialof” the

Dissociation model. bond of a water molecule of

HOH oxygen, which can then be burned in aa combustion engine H2O requires 118.8 kcal/mol ( 497.1 kJ/mol ). The dissocia or fed into a fuel cell to generate energy. Conventional tion of the remaining hydroxyl radical requires 102.8 kcal / electrolysis systems require electrolytes ( e.g. , sulfuric acid) mol ( 429.9 kJ /mol). This is almost four times the theoretical to be added to the water, then current is passed through the 35 minimum energy of 237.13 kJ /mole , which is the standard water until enough energy is supplied to dissociate the hydrogen ions from the oxygen ions , which then combine Gibbs free energy of formation of water. The water molecule is so highly polarized that it lends with each other to become diatomic H2 and O2 . itself to dissociation by a very strong electric field which Oxygen is attracted to the Anode ( + ) and Hydrogen is creates a strong electromotive force ( emf), stretching the attracted to the Cathode ( - ) terminal. As an example, FIG . 40 molecules apart.

1 shows the process used in a typical electrolytic cell . An electric field between charged parallel conductors is a Water is a polar molecule . The H2O molecule has a net good example of the relationship between Work and voltage . dipole moment which is vector sum . Oxygen has a lone A high voltage eates a strong force in an electric pair of electrons in its outer shell causing the structure of the where

H2O molecule to be bent (VSEPR theory developed by 45

Gillespie - Nyholm ); therefore , the vectors representing the dipole moment of each H–O bond sum instead of cancel E=

ling out . d

The water molecule diagram in FIG . 2 illustrates the magnitude and direction of the dipole moment. The differ- 50 (FIG . 5 ) . The SI unit of electric field strength is N / C , where ence in electronegativity between water and hydrogen is 1.2 N represents Newtons and C represents Coulombs. e for each of the H bonds . The oxygen is the more An electric field is also defined as the force per unit electronegative atom ; therefore, it exerts a greater pull on the charge , shared electrons . In chemistry, the dipole moment points from the center point between the two hydrogen atoms 55 toward the oxygen atom . The dipole moment is calculated by multiplying the distance between the oxygen and hydro E = -2

gen atoms by the charge difference between them and then finding the components of each that point in the direction of the net dipole moment ( the angle of the molecule is 104.50 ) . 60 so multiplying the field times the plate separation yields the The bond moment of O - H bond = 1.5 Debye , so the net work per unit charge, dipole moment vector sum is : u=2 ( 1.5 ) cos ( 104.5 ° /2 ) =3 cos

Cm . Fd W

Water is an incredibly small molecule when compared to 65 9 9 other molecules . Its approximate diameter is 2.75 Ang stroms; therefore, a dipole moment of 1.8546 Debye is huge

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which is by definition the change in voltage . So , the higher generate an oscillating electromotive force which acts on the the voltage , the more Work is done. excited water molecules to dissociate hydrogen and oxygen . A high enough electric field causes dissociation of water The method may further include separating the hydrogen because of the strong polarization of water molecules . FIG . and oxygen in a storage chamber.

6 illustrates the J - V ( current -voltage characteristic, divided 5 In one embodiment, the water molecules in the isolated by area ) curve for pure water. The section of the curve at volume of water are excited by synchronously pulsing the position A is due to the electrode kinetics for H2 and 02 isolated volume of water with a 1 to 6 micron MIR laser. In evolution in a low conductance solution . In this region , the another embodiment, the water molecules are excited by current is limited by the solution resistance . The next portion heating the molecules using a heating coil to a temperature of the curve (position B ) represents the dissociation of the 10 up to about 90° C.

water molecules . The electric field is high enough to cause In at least one embodiment, the magnetic field may be the ionization and dissociation of the water molecules into between about 1 Tesla to about 2 Tesla , and the electric field hydrogen and oxygen . may be between about 1 MV /mm to about 10 MV /mm . FIG . 6 illustrates the force of high voltage pulling water In an embodiment, the concentrically -mounted electrodes molecules apart. However, it should be understood by those 15 comprise a rod having an outer diameter disposed within a skilled in the art that it is not necessary for any current to pipe or tube having an inner diameter larger than the outer flow closed loop from the Voltage source . The current is diameter of the rod, and the predetermined volume of water merely a result of the strong emf acting on the highly is isolated between the rod outer diameter and pipe inner polarized water molecules causing protons and electrons to diameter. A plurality of concentrically -mounted electrodes break apart and begin moving . This appears to be a huge 20 may be wired in parallel, such that each pair of pipes current flow , but the distance it flows is infinitesimally small , receives maximum voltage .

on the order of nanometers when dissociation occurs and the The method may comprise changing the AC pulse packet water molecules become gases and begin rising upward . The frequency in real - time using a closed loop control technique; laws of physics are not violated . They are merely leveraged and adjusting the AC pulse packet frequency to a resonant to the maximum extent to overcome the Morse Potential 25 frequency of the water molecules . The frequency of the AC causing a discontinuity breaking apart the water molecules . pulse packets may be varied using a PID loop to achieve Prior art systems and methods for dissociating hydrogen convergence to maximize output.

and oxygen from water molecules for use in energy systems In another aspect , the present invention is directed to a are inefficient and consume far more energy than could be high efficiency hydrogen oxygen generation system , com recuperated. Therefore , a need exists for an improved hydro- 30 prising a means to generate short burst high frequency AC gen and oxygen generation system which does not use pulse packets up to 1 millisecond total burst width up to 10 electrolysis, and which is more efficient and consumes less MV synchronized with pulses from a 1 to 6 micron MIR energy than conventional electrolysis . laser to excite a water column approximately 1 mm thick inside concentric pipe electrodes, generating an avalanche of

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 35 hydrogen and oxygen gases . The system may further com prise a means to apply a magnetic field across the water

Bearing in mind the problems and deficiencies of the prior column , the magnetic field focused radially and attracting art, it is therefore an object of the present invention to diametrically across the concentric pipe electrodes. provide an improved hydrogen and oxygen generation sys- In at least one embodiment, the magnetic field may be tem which does not use electrolysis. 40 between about 1 Tesla to about 2 Tesla, and the short burst It is another object of the present invention to provide an high frequency AC pulse packets generate an electric field improved system for dissociating hydrogen and oxygen between about 1 MV /mm to about 10 MV /mm .

from water molecules for use in energy systems. The system may further comprise a means to change the A further object of the invention is to provide a water AC pulse packet frequency and duration in real- time and reformer that provides hydrogen on -demand . 45 adjust the frequency to the resonant frequency by utilizing a It is yet another object of the present invention to provide microprocessor, software, PID loop , digital potentiometers, a hydrogen and oxygen generation system which utilizes voltage sensors , current sensors, temperature sensors , and pulsed High Voltage emf to dissociate hydrogen and oxygen Direct Digital Synthesizers , in a closed loop control tech from pre - stressed water molecules to produce hydrogen nique and methodology.

on - demand. 50 In an embodiment, the system may further comprise a Still other objects and advantages of the invention will in means to separate the hydrogen and oxygen gases in a part be obvious and will in part be apparent from the storage chamber.

specification.

The above and other objects, which will be apparent to BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS those skilled in the art, are achieved in the present invention 55 which is directed in one aspect to a method of dissociating The features of the invention believed to be novel and the hydrogen and oxygen from a water molecule , comprising elements characteristic of the invention are set forth with isolating a predetermined volume of water between concen- particularity in the appended claims . The figures are for trically -mounted electrodes; applying a magnetic field illustration purposes only and are not drawn to scale . The across the predetermined volume of water, the magnetic 60 invention itself, however, both as to organization and field focused radially and attracting diametrically across the method of operation, may best be understood by reference to electrodes ; exciting water molecules in the isolated volume the detailed description which follows taken in conjunction of water to a resonant harmonic frequency ; and synchro- with the accompanying drawings in which : nously applying short burst high voltage , high frequency AC FIG . 1 depicts an exemplary electrolytic cell used to pulse packets to the isolated volume of water to create an 65 generate hydrogen and oxygen gas ;

electric field . The AC pulse packets have a burst width of up FIG . 2 depicts the dipole moment of an exemplary water to 1 millisecond and a voltage up to about 10 MV and molecule ;

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FIG . 3 depicts an equivalent H2O molecule dipole tageous over other aspects or design . Rather, the use of the moment; words " exemplary ” or “ illustrative” is merely intended to FIG . 4 depicts a graph showing the energy required to present concepts in a concrete fashion . dissociate hydrogen and oxygen from an H2O molecule ; The high efficiency hydrogen oxygen generation system FIG . 5 depicts, in diagram form voltage , electric field , and work ;

, the relationship between 5 ( also interchangeably referred to herein as “ HOGS” ) of the present invention uses numerous methodologies which may

FIG . 6 depicts a graph of the J - v curve for pure water ; be used in various combinations to break the H-OH bonds FIG . 7 depicts a graph of the absorption spectrum of in water to produce hydrogen on -demand .

liquid water; The combined effects of the HOGS stimulates the disso FIG. 8 oxygen hydrogen depicts generation one embodiment of the high system according efficiency to the present 10 ciation rate of pre -heated or pre - stressed water utilizing invention ; extremely strong, fast switching electric fields in the pres ence of a strong magnetic field to stimulate multiple vibra

FIG . 9 depicts an exemplary microcontroller of the high tional modes. This is done by matching the appropriate efficiency hydrogen oxygen generation system according to radiation frequencies with the vibrational modes of water. the present invention ; 15

When a water molecule is in an excited energy state, the

FIG . 10 depicts an exemplary driver board of the high energy supplied by the fast switching electric field can be efficiency hydrogen oxygen generation system according to the present invention ; lower than the normal bond dissociation energy and still FIG . 11 depicts a perspective view of one embodiment of dissociate the molecules . Water molecules that are in an a water capacitor of the high efficiency hydrogen oxygen 20 excited vibrational quantum state will then be more easily generation system according to the present invention ; dissociated in the presence of a strong electric field , since the FIG . 12 depicts a cross - sectional view of the water molecule will be above its ground state . These resonant capacitor of FIG . 11 , taken along line A - A ; modes exist at terahertz frequencies and in between the FIG . 13 depicts a schematic of the driver board of FIG . microwave and medium infrared frequency range. 10 ; 25 In one embodiment, high voltage , medium or high fre FIG . 14 depicts a schematic of exemplary circuitry for an quency AC pulses are multiplied even higher by the tuned embodiment of the high efficiency hydrogen oxygen gen resonance of an inductor in series with the water capacitor. eration system according to the present invention ; Even if the incoming voltage is only 10,000 Volts, it is FIG . 15 depicts a perspective view of another embodi- possible to multiply that up to one hundred times , depending ment of a water capacitor of high efficiency hydrogen 30 on the “ Q " or Quality factor of the inductor- capacitor circuit . oxygen generation system according to the present inven- Since the voltage is 180 degrees out of phase between the tion, with diametrically opposed magnets positioned on the inductor and capacitor, they still sum up to the incoming exterior surface of the cylinder ; voltage , but the ionization effects of the higher voltage are FIG . 16 depicts a perspective view of yet another embodi- enormous, causing the water molecules to dissociate into ment of a water capacitor of high efficiency hydrogen 35 hydrogen and oxygen .

oxygen generation system according to the present inven- In another embodiment, the water molecules are pre tion, with radially positioned magnets embedded in the outer stressed by a Medium Infrared ( MIR) laser tuned to the cylinder; dominant resonant frequency of the water molecules . Then , FIG . 17 depicts a schematic of another exemplary driver the simultaneous high voltage pulse packet causes an ava board according to the present invention , using a full bridge 40 lanche ripping apart of the water molecules. A pulsed laser circuit; and near the 3 micron range may be used in combination with the FIG . 18 depicts a flowchart of the method of dissociation pulsed electric field to accelerate avalanche dissociation . In of hydrogen and oxygen from a water molecule according to an embodiment, a pulsed MIR laser at 2.94 microns is used ; an embodiment of the present invention . however, it should be understood by those skilled in the art 45 that a laser tuned between 1 to 6 microns has been shown to

DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENT ( S ) be effective in some cases . The absorption spectrum of liquid water is centered around 3 microns or 3400 cm ' in the

In describing the embodiments of the present invention , MIR band, as shown in FIG . 7. In either embodiment, very reference will be made herein to FIGS . 1-18 of the drawings strong magnets (on the order of 1 Tesla or more ) are in which like numerals refer to like features of the invention . 50 embedded in the anode and cathode of the water capacitor Certain terminology is used herein for convenience only assembly to cause electrons and protons to flow in spiral and is not to be taken as a limitation of the invention . For paths, forestalling the dielectric breakdown voltage of the example , words such as “ upper , ” “ lower , ” “ left, ” “ right, ” water capacitor and inhibiting current flow .

“ front , ” “ rear, ” “ horizontal,” “ vertical,” “ upward , ” “ down-

In another embodiment, a tuned MIR laser and / or strong ward ,” “ clockwise , ” “ counterclockwise , ” “ longitudinal, ” 55 magnets pre - stresses the molecules , then high voltage , “ lateral, ” or “ radial ” , or the like , merely describe the con- medium or high frequency emf oscillations cause an ava figuration shown in the drawings. Indeed , the referenced lanche ripping the molecules apart. The present invention components may be oriented in any direction and the takes advantage of another unique property of water : the terminology, therefore, should be understood as encompass- unusually large electric dipole moment, which is very sus ing such variations unless specified otherwise . For purposes 60 ceptible to large rapidly changing emf fields, especially of clarity, the same reference numbers may be used in the when pre -stressed such as by using lasers and / or strong drawings to identify similar elements . magnets.

Additionally, in the subject description, the words “ exem- The laser works by electromagnetic waves, “ stimulating ” plary,” “ illustrative , ” or the like, are used to mean serving as or exciting electrons to a higher energy state, then these an example , instance or illustration . Any aspect or design 65 electrons emit an avalanche of photons all at the same described herein as “ exemplary ” or “ illustrative” is not frequency, creating a coherent beam of light as they fall back necessarily intended to be construed as preferred or advan- to their lower energy state .

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Another embodiment of the present invention is similar in electrode . The high voltage may be high frequency AC , so that it uses a Medium Infrared (MIR) laser to excite the it switches direction so quickly that negligible current flows. electrons and protons in the water molecule so that they are The magnets limit current flow and slow the motion of the pre - stressed , then the simultaneous high voltage electromo- charged particles by forcing ions to travel in a spiral . The tive force ( emf) pulses create a chain reaction avalanche 5 work is done by the tremendous emf force plus the synchro breakdown of the water molecules into hydrogen and oxy- nized emissions of the MIR pulsed laser stimulating the gen . water molecules to break apart in an avalanche . The strong, The graph shown in FIG . 6 shows gas products using approximately 1 Tesla, magnetic field forestalls Breakdown Brass electrodes. One embodiment of the present invention during the pulsing.

uses platinum plated electrodes, which act as a catalyst to 10 It is important to maintain the voltage very close to produce diatomic hydrogen and oxygen as opposed to other Breakdown Voltage without crossing over ; therefore, in at types of gases or ions. least one embodiment, there is a breakdown sensor and a With reference to FIG . 5 , the higher the voltage : the more Voltage Control circuit and software running on the micro work is done . However , producing high voltage is simple controller to control the high efficiency hydrogen oxygen and efficient using a transformer. For example, an automo- 15 generation system (FIG . 14 ). The voltage is ratcheted up bile ignition coil produces several thousand volts from a 12 until breakdown occurs , then backed off slightly . The resis Volt battery. A higher voltage is required for the hydrogen tivity of Type I deionized (DI ) water is 18 M2 / m up to more oxygen generation system of the present invention, but that than 30 M2 / m , so it can withstand strong electric fields can be affected simply by more turns on the secondary coil . before breakdown occurs . Non - DI water has a much lower Very little current is required , mostly in the form of leakage 20 resistance . However, in one or more embodiments , the current. system of the present invention contains a deionizing filter Regarding FIG . 4 , it was noted that breaking both the to allow use of regular tap water .

H OH bond and the residual O -H bond requires (497.1+ The strong electric fields promote several mechanisms of 429.9 ) kJ /mol = 927 kJ/mol. While this is four times the water ionization including dissociation aforementioned minimum Gibbs Free Energy number, it is 25 H20-> H * + OH no problem for the high voltage pulses with MIR laser and / or strong magnetics to pre - stress the dielectric (water ), and quantum tunneling with a subsequent proton transfer as in the present invention . In one embodiment, the disso H20->H20 ++ e ciation works without the use of aa laser when the voltage pulses are high enough . The magnetics reinforce the dielec- 30 H20 + H + OH .

tric strength and forestall dielectric breakdown, i.e. , shorting Some of these ions migrate to an electrode surface under out of the dielectric , and inhibit current flow . It should be the influence of the applied electric field where they undergo understood by those skilled in the art that the entire 927 the following redox half reactions to form their respective kJ /mol does not need to be delivered on a single pulse , as there are multiple pulses in each packet. For instance , the 35 gases :

first pulse could break the H-OH bond and a subsequent 2H * +2e ? H2(g) ( Cathode) pulse could break the residual 0 - H bond .

In an embodiment, the system of the present invention H20-12O2(gg) + 2H * + 2e (Anode ).

applies a very strong medium or high frequency, high The overall reaction is therefore voltage AC electric field across a small volume of water. 40 H20-102((g)) +H2( g):

This high voltage emf generates a very strong force on the polarized water molecules between the positive and negative Referring now to FIG . 8 , one embodiment of the high plates or electrodes of the water capacitor. Spacing between efficiency hydrogen oxygen generation system of the present electrodes can be anywhere from about 0.01 mm to about 10 invention is shown . The microcontroller board 701 and its mm . In one embodiment, the electrodes consist of a rod 45 software algorithms are the brains of the system . When the inside a concentric pipe with a small , approximately 1 mm accelerator pedal 699 is pressed , the accelerator pedal posi gap between the electrodes that is filled with water. The tion sensor 700 feeds into the microcontroller 701 , which electric field can be on the order of tens ( 10's ) ofkV/mm up responds to the demand by sensing the level in the water to more than 10 MV /mm . When the system operates with tank 706 , then pulsing the pump 705 for the proper duration electric field strengths in excess of 1 MV /mm , water mol- 50 to fill the water capacitor 704 , then firing the driver board ecules dissociate due to the high energy density of the fast module 702 and the MIR laser 707 at the proper delay switching electric field . In one embodiment, the electrodes interval to synchronize their outputs to the water capacitor are flashed with platinum , which catalyzes the monatomic 704 and High Voltage subassembly 703. It should be under oxygen and hydrogen to evolve into diatomic gases . stood by those skilled in the art that using an MIR laser is The momentary pulse packet (on the order of microsec- 55 only one means of pre - stressing the water molecules , and onds ) of high voltage electric field , combined with the that in other embodiments, the pre -stressing may be accom simultaneous MIR laser pulse , literally rips the water mol- plished by alternate means , such as by heating the molecules ecules apart causing an avalanche with this strong shock using a heating coil . The system of the present invention can force . The system dissociates water using strong electric utilize a range of temperatures from about 10 ° C. to about fields while minimizing closed loop electric current using 60 90° C. in order to influence the ion concentration in the strong magnetic fields.Very little current flows closed loop water.

from the source , so this is a very efficient process . In fact, the

The hydrogen and oxygen gases flow out of the water process of the present invention may be up to ten times the capacitor 704 into the collection or storage chamber 709 . efficiency of conventional electrolysis or more , because The amount of hydrogen and oxygen generated is dependent electrolysis requires so much current to flow . The large 65 on the number of pipes in the array and their length . The electromotive force literally snatches the hydrogen toward water in between the inner rod and outer pipe is dissociated the negative electrode and the oxygen toward the positive on each pulse burst of high voltage and MIR laser 707. In an

Page 21

embodiment, the pipes in the array are wired in parallel, so capacitor 704 comprises a rod 1101 concentrically -mounted that each pair of pipes receives maximum voltage . In at least inside aa tube or pipe 1102 having a diameter slightly larger one embodiment, the hydrogen and oxygen are separated by than the diameter of the rod . As shown in FIG . 12 , in an density such as by using a tent- shaped collector in the embodiment, there is a gap 1103 between the inner surface collection chamber 709 , where the hydrogen moves to the 5 of the tube or pipe and the outer surface of the rod, which top and the oxygen creates a layer at the bottom of the may be approximately 1 mm . When the accelerator pedal collection chamber 709 . 699 is pressed, microcontroller 701 senses the accelerator In another embodiment, the hydrogen and oxygen are pedal position sensor 700 and the water level in the water separated and accelerated using dual Ionic Propeller meshes tank 706 and pulses the pump 705 to fill the gap in the water for sparse screen electrodes : a pulsed positive voltage screen 10 capacitor 704 between the rod 1101 and tube or pipe 1102 . to attract oxygen and repel hydrogen, and a pulsed negative The water enters at the bottom of the water capacitor 704 , voltage screen to attract hydrogen and repel oxygen . swirling to fill the gap 1103 , just prior to every “ pop ” . The hydrogen produced “ on -demand” can then be used , Microcontroller 701 then pulses the driver board module for example, in a fuel cell that generates electricity for an EV 702 and MIR laser 707 at the proper timing skew to assure vehicle. In other embodiments, the HOGS of the present 15 simultaneous output to the water capacitor 704. The wires invention is part of a larger system , wherein a plurality of are Common and High Voltage AC pulsed being driven by capacitors may be used in connection with a water tank of a custom step -up transformer in the High Voltage subassem predetermined size , for example at an EV charging station to bly 703 via pulse packets from the driver board module 702 . generate enough hydrogen to " charge” one or more EV In an embodiment, microcontroller 701 includes a direct vehicles before more water needs to be added to the tank . 20 digital synthesizer, such as the Analog Devices ' AD9859 Dependent upon the size of the system , other implementa- 400 MSPS 10 - Bit DAC 1.8 V CMOS Direct Digital Syn tions of the HOGS of the present invention include powering thesizer, for varying the frequency of the pulse packet using homes , businesses , factories, planes, or ships , for example . a PID loop to achieve convergence to maximize output . In Completing the system is the power module 708 that an embodiment, the frequency can vary anywhere from supplies power to all the other subassemblies . In its simplest 25 about 100 kHz to about 100 MHz , and the peak voltage is form , power module 708 may be a 12 Volt car battery. In at in the range from about 20 kV to about 100 MV . least one embodiment, power module 808 supplies logic The GaN FETs Half Bridge Driver Board 702 converts a level voltages and intermediate voltages up to +/- 450 Volts CMOS or TTL level pulse packet of 1.5 MHz pulses into a for the driver board 702 which uses 900 Volt GaN FETs to bipolar RZ +/- 450 Volt pulse packet driving a step - up trans drive the bipolar high voltage step - up transformer, which 30 former. This pulse packet is transmitted on -demand to uses multi - filar Litz wire to increase resistance and induc- replenish the gas supply. VDD and VEE are variable up to tance on the primary coil so that fewer turns may be used . +/- 450 Volts , producing a high voltage output of up to In an embo ment, the turns ratios can be up to 1000 - to - 1 . Megavolts. It should be understood by those skilled in the art It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the that while 1.5 MHz pulses in the medium frequency range voltage source can be output in either a pulsed or continuous 35 are described as being effective , pulses in the high frequency mode operation; however, a pulsed voltage source is pre- range ( 3 MHz to 300 MHz) may also be used . ferred because of the lower power consumption required, as FIG . 13 is aa detailed schematic of an exemplary embodi an objective of the present invention is to get as much ment of the driver board 702. VDD may range up to +450 hydrogen out using as little energy consumption as possible . VDC and VEE may be as low as -450 VDC . A pulsed voltage source can be more easily synchronized 40 FIG . 14 is a high level overview schematic of one with the MIR laser pulses ; however, a continuous voltage embodiment of the circuitry of the HOGS of the present source ( e.g. , a 1.5 MHz sine wave ), combined with MIR invention . There are several water injection ports on the base laser pulses having a pulse width of around 350 us would of the water capacitor 704 entering between the cylinder imply that 525 cycles of a continuous 1.5 MHz waveform 1102 and rod 1101 at 45 -degree angles to create maximum would overlap with the laser pulse . It should be understood 45 vortex to clear out residual gases . Pump 705 may be a by those skilled in the art, however, that in the preferred high -powered pulsed gear pump. The system may be trig pulsed output mode embodiment, depending on what the gered automatically at certain preset intervals or it may be PID loop determines is required to reach the threshold , the triggered on -demand , for instance by an accelerator pedal number of pulses could approach a " continuous” output for throttle position sensor in an EV automobile . Alternatively, a brief period in some cases . 50 the system may be triggered at a certain threshold level of FIG . 9 depicts an exemplary microcontroller module 701 . gases remaining in the collection or storage chamber 709 to In an embodiment, microcontroller 701 contains an ARM® replenish them . In a preferred embodiment, the inside of the Cortex® -M4 32 - bit core with one Mbyte Flash memory and cylinder 1102 and outside of the rod 1101 are flash plated 192-Kbyte RAM ; however, it should be understood by those with platinum , and /or flash copper and then platinum flash skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to 55 plating on top of the copper. The platinum outer coating acts these specifications. as a catalyst to evolve diatomic hydrogen and oxygen gas FIG . 10 depicts an exemplary driver board module 702. In and improves dissociation . In an embodiment, a current a preferred embodiment, driver board 702 contains high sensor may be used to monitor the current in the system , and voltage , fast switching Gallium Nitride Field Effect Tran- one or more temperature sensors may be used to sense the sistors (GaN FETs ); however, it should be understood by 60 water temperature, as well as ambient temperature . those skilled in the art that other types of transistors, such as As shown in FIG . 15 , neodymium (NdFeB ) magnets may Silicon Carbide ( SiC) or possibly even Insulated Gate Bipo- be used , which can create magnetic fields up to 2 Tesla in lar Transistors (IGBT ) , are not precluded . close proximity. In an embodiment, an oversized one - inch Referring now to FIGS . 11 and 12 , one embodiment of the thick Aluminum tube 1501 large enough to fit over the entire water capacitor 704 according the present invention is 65 cylinder rod subassembly is used and diametrically opposing shown . This is where the water molecules are dissociated holes large enough to friction fit magnets 1503 , 1504 are and the hydrogen and oxygen are actually generated. Water drilled into the outer skin , where the magnets attract each

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other across the diameter of the cylinder. In another embodi- program product embodied in one or more computer read ment, as shown in FIG . 16 , a custom radially positioned , able medium (s ) having computer readable program code polarized magnet set 1603 may be used and embedded into embodied thereon .

the pipe 1601 and contained inside the rod . The magnetic One or more computer readable medium ( s ) may be uti field is focused radially, attracting diametrically across the 5 lized , alone or in combination . The computer readable cylinder. In one embodiment, the outside of the cylinder is medium may be a computer readable storage medium or a grounded and the rod in the center is pulsed with medium or computer readable signal medium . A suitable computer high frequency Megavolt pulses . The E field creates an emf readable storage medium may be , for example, but not force field across the water. The objective is to boil the water limited to , an electronic , magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, molecules around violently to prevent breakdown current 10 infrared , or semiconductor system , apparatus, or device, or flow . Current can flow a few microns to a few hundreds of any suitable microns , but result in minimal closed loop current. The of suitable combinationcomputer of the foregoing. Other examples readable storage medium would molecules and ions are misdirected and churning until the include, without limitation , the following : an electrical con molecules break apart. One cycle delivers sufficient energy to break one set of bonds ( e.g., H and 0 H bond) and a 15 nection having one or more wires , a portable computer subsequent cycle delivers sufficient energy to break the other diskette, a hard disk , a random access memory (RAM ), a set of bonds (e.g. , O H bond) . read -only memory (ROM) , an erasable programmable read In a full bridge embodiment ( FIG . 17 ) , the rod is not only memory (EPROM or flash memory ), an optical fiber, a grounded. Split phases are applied to the rod and cylinder to portable compact disc read - only memory (CD - ROM) , an double the voltage. The two half bridges operate 180 degrees 20 optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any out of phase : the rod gets one phase and the cylinder gets the suitable combination of the foregoing. A suitable computer other phase . readable storage medium may be any tangible medium that FIG . 18 shows a flowchart of the method of dissociation can contain , or store a program for use by or in connection of hydrogen and oxygen from a water molecule according to with an instruction execution system , apparatus, or device . an embodiment of the present invention . At step 1801 , the 25 A computer readable signal medium may include a propa accelerator pedal , such as an accelerator pedal in an EV gated data signal with computer readable program code automobile, is pressed , and the accelerator pedal position embodied therein , for example, in baseband or as part of a sensor feeds into the microcontroller, which responds to the carrier wave . Such a propagated signal may take any of a demand by sensing the level in the water tank ( step 1802 ) . variety of forms, including, but not limited to , electro After determining that the gas pressures are in range ( step 30 magnetic, optical, or any suitable combination thereof. A 1803 ) , the microcontroller pulses the pump for the proper computer readable signal medium may be any computer duration to fill the water capacitor ( steps 1804 and 1805 ) , readable medium that is not a computer readable storage then fires the driver board module and the MIR Laser at the proper delay interval to synchronize their outputs to the medium

and that can communicate , propagate , or transport program for use by or connection with an instruction water capacitor and High Voltage subassembly, while deter- 35 execution system , apparatus, or device . mining whether the PID loop voltage threshold has been reached ( steps 1806 and 1807) . Both the pulse packet mayProgram code embodied on a computer readable medium be transmitted using any appropriate medium , includ frequency and number of pulses can be adjusted, as neces sary . The hydrogen and oxygen gases then flow out of the ing but not limited to wireless, wireline, optical fiber cable , water capacitor 704 into the collection or storage chamber 40 RF, etc., or any suitable combination of the foregoing. 709 ( step 1808 ) . Computer program code for carrying out operations for An embodiment of the high efficiency hydrogen oxygen aspects of the present invention may be written in any generation system of the present invention may take the combination of one or more programming languages, form of aa hardware embodiment that uses software (includ- including an object oriented programming language such as ing firmware , resident software, micro -code , etc. ). Further- 45 Java, Scala , Ruby, Python, Smalltalk , C ++ or the like and more , an embodiment may take the form of a computer conventional procedural programming languages, such as program product on a tangible computer -usable storage the " C " programming language or similar programming medium having computer -usable program code embodied in languages. The program code may execute entirely on a the medium . A memory device can form the medium . computing device ( such as , a computer ), partly on a com Computer program code or firmware to carry out an embodi- 50 puting device, as a stand- alone software package , partly on ment of the present disclosure could also reside on optical or a user's computing device and party on a remote computing magnetic storage media , especially while being transported device or entirely on the remote computing device or server . or stored prior to or incident to the loading of the computer In the latter scenario , the remote computing device may be program code or firmware into the microcontroller. This connected to the user's computing device through any type computer program code or firmware can be loaded, as an 55 of network , including a local area network ( LAN) , a wide example, by connecting a computer system to the program- area network (WAN ), or a wireless local area network ming interface. (WLAN ), or the connection may be made to an external It should be appreciated and understood that the present computing device ( for example, through the Internet using invention may be embodied as systems , methods, apparatus, an Internet Service Provider ).

computer readable media, non -transitory computer readable 60 The methods of operation of the present invention may be media and /or computer program products . The present implemented by computer program instructions. These com invention may take the form of an entirely hardware puter program instructions may be provided to a processor embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and of a general purpose computing device ( such as , a com hardware aspects that may all generally be referred to herein puter ), special purpose computing device, or other program as a “ circuit,” “ module, ” “ system ,” or “ processor ” config- 65 mable data processor or processing apparatus to produce a ured to practice the methods or systems of the invention . The machine , such that the instructions, which execute via the present invention may partially take the form of a computer processor of the computing device or other programmable

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data processing apparatus , create means for implementing 5. The method of claim 1 wherein the concentrically the functions / acts specified in the flowchart and /or block mounted electrodes comprise a rod having an outer diameter diagram block or blocks . disposed within a pipe or tube having an inner diameter These computer program instructions may also be stored larger than the outer diameter of the rod, and wherein the in a computer readable medium that can direct a computing 5 predetermined volume of water is isolated between the rod device , other programmable data processing apparatus, or outer diameter and pipe inner diameter. other devices to function in a particular manner , such that the 6. The method of claim 1 further including a plurality of instructions stored in the computer readable medium pro- concentrically -mounted electrodes wired in parallel. duce an article of manufacture including instructions which 7. The method of claim 1 further comprising : implement the function / act specified in the flowchart and / or 10 changing the AC pulse packet frequency in real - time block diagram block or blocks . using a closed loop control technique; and The computer program instructions may also be loaded adjusting the AC pulse packet frequency to a resonant onto a computing device, other programmable data process- frequency of the water molecules . ing apparatus, or other devices to cause a series of opera- 8. The method of claim 1 further comprising using a tional steps to be performed on the computing device , other 15 transformer or cascaded tuned LC circuits driven by the AC programmable apparatus or other devices to produce a pulse packets to step up the voltage.

computer implemented process such that the instructions 9. The method of claim 1 wherein the frequency of the AC which execute on the computing device or other program- pulse packets is varied using a PID loop to achieve conver mable apparatus provide processes for implementing the gence to maximize output.

functions/ acts specified in aa flowchart and / or block diagram 20 10. The method of claim 1 further including separating the block or blocks . dissociated hydrogen and oxygen in a storage chamber, Thus, the present invention achieves one or more of the wherein the step of separating the dissociated hydrogen and following advantages. The present invention provides an oxygen in the storage chamber comprises : improved means for dissociating hydrogen and oxygen from separating the hydrogen and oxygen by density using a water molecules to produce hydrogen “ on -demand , ” which 25 tent -shaped collector disposed within the storage cham can then be fed into and used in a fuel cell or as part of an ber.

energy system . The system is significantly more efficient 11. A method of dissociating hydrogen and oxygen from than conventional electrolysis, and consumes far less energy. a water molecule , comprising:

While the present invention has been particularly isolating a predetermined volume of water between con described , in conjunction with specific embodiments, it is 30 centrically -mounted electrodes; evident that many alternatives, modifications and variations applying a magnetic field across the predetermined vol will be apparent to those skilled in the art in light of the ume of water, the magnetic field focused radially and foregoing description. It is therefore contemplated that the attracting diametrically across the electrodes; appended claims will embrace any such alternatives, modi- exciting water molecules in the isolated volume of water fications and variations as falling within the true scope and 35 to a resonant harmonic frequency ; spirit of the present invention . synchronously applying short burst high voltage, medium Thus, having described the invention , what is claimed is : to high frequency AC pulse packets to the isolated 1. A method of dissociating hydrogen and oxygen from a volume of water to create an electric field , the AC pulse water molecule , comprising: packets having a burst width of up to 1 millisecond and isolating a predetermined volume of water between con- 40 a voltage of up to 10 MV, the AC pulse packets centrically -mounted electrodes ; generating an oscillating electromotive force acting on applying a magnetic field across the predetermined vol- the excited water molecules ; ume of water, the magnetic field focused radially and dissociating hydrogen and oxygen from the excited water attracting diametrically across the electrodes ; molecules as a result of the oscillating electromotive exciting water molecules in the isolated volume of water 45 force; and to a resonant harmonic frequency; separating the dissociated hydrogen and oxygen in a synchronously applying short burst high voltage, medium storage chamber comprising dual ionic propeller to high frequency AC pulse packets to the isolated meshes by pulsing a positive voltage screen electrode volume of water to create an electric field , the AC pulse to attract oxygen and repel hydrogen, and packets having a burst width of up to 1 millisecond and 50 pulsing a negative voltage screen electrode to attract a voltage of at least 1 MV and up to 10 MV, the AC hydrogen and repel oxygen .

pulse packets generating an oscillating electromotive 12. A high efficiency hydrogen oxygen generation system force acting on the excited water molecules ; and comprising:

dissociating hydrogen and oxygen from the excited water a means to generate short burst medium to high frequency molecules as a result of the oscillating electromotive 55 AC pulse packets up to 1 millisecond total burst width force . of at least 1 MV and up to 10 MV synchronized with 2. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of exciting pulses from a 1 to 6 micron MIR laser to excite a water water molecules in the isolated volume of water comprises: column approximately 1 mm thick inside concentric synchronously pulsing the isolated volume of water with pipe electrodes, generating an avalanche of hydrogen a 1 to 6 micron MIR laser. 60 and oxygen gases .

3. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of exciting 13. The high efficiency hydrogen oxygen generation sys water molecules in the isolated volume of water comprises: tem of claim 12 further comprising:

heating the molecules using a heating coil to a tempera- a means to apply a magnetic field across the water ture up to 90 ° C. column, the magnetic field focused radially and attract 4. The method of claim 1 wherein the magnetic field is 65 ing diametrically across the concentric pipe electrodes. between 1 Tesla to 2 Tesla, and the electric field is between 14. The high efficiency hydrogen oxygen generation sys 1 MV /mm to 10 MV /mm . tem of claim 13 wherein the magnetic field is between 1

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Tesla to 2 Tesla , and the short burst medium to high 18. A high efficiency hydrogen oxygen generation system , frequency AC pulse packets generate an electric field comprising:

between 1 MV /mm to 10 MV /mm . a predetermined volume of water isolated between con 15. The high efficiency hydrogen oxygen generation sys centrically -mounted electrodes; tem of claim 12 further including a plurality of concentric 5 a means to apply a magnetic field across the predeter pipe electrodes wired in parallel. mined volume of water, the magnetic field focused 16. The high efficiency hydrogen oxygen generation sys radially and attracting diametrically across the elec tem of claim 12 further comprising: trodes ;

a means to separate the hydrogen and oxygen gases in a 10 a means

to excite water molecules in the isolated volume water to a resonant harmonic frequency; and storage chamber. a means to synchronously apply short burst high voltage , 17. The high efficiency hydrogen oxygen generation sys medium to high frequency AC pulse packets to the tem of claim 12 further comprising: isolated volume of water to create an electric field , the a means to change the AC pulse packet frequency and AC pulse packets having a burst width of up to 1 duration in real - time and adjust the frequency to the millisecond and a voltage of at least 1 MV and up to 10 resonant frequency by utilizing a microprocessor, soft 15 MV the AC pulse packets generating an oscillating ware , PID loop , digital potentiometers, voltage sensors , electromotive force acting on the excited water mol current sensors , temperature sensors , and Direct Digital ecules to dissociate hydrogen and oxygen . Synthesizers, in a closed loop control technique and methodology