Method for obtaining hydrogen from water, and device for its implementation

Abstract

FIELD: power industry.

Description

The invention relates to techniques for producing hydrogen from water (hydrogen energy) by electrolysis and can be used as a unit for converting thermal energy, when burning hydrogen, into mechanical.

The Stanley Meyer hydrogen engine is known, which is obtained from water by its electrolytic decomposition (US Patent No. 5,149,507). This device contains two pairs of coaxially arranged electrodes placed in water, and one pair does not have contact with water. High voltage not exceeding 10 kV and a frequency of 15-260 kHz is applied to the insulated electrodes. The remaining electrodes to neutralize hydrogen and oxygen atoms are supplied with a constant low-voltage voltage.

Based on the physical principle of energy reversibility for obtaining, for example, a cubic meter of hydrogen from water (at 0 ° С and 101.3 kPa), it is necessary to expend 10.8 mJ / m 3 or 2580 kcal / m 3 of energy, i.e. as much as is released during the combustion of hydrogen under the same conditions. This means that when burning a cubic meter of hydrogen, we get 2580 kcal / s. In Mailer’s device, no more than 710 cal is allocated per second, i.e. 3600 times less.

It is known that the resonant (intrinsic) frequency of water (50.8 and 51.3) is 10 GHz, therefore, water resonance will occur if the disturbing effect has the indicated frequency, which is in no way consistent with the electrical circuit presented by Meer.

In addition, the Mailer device does not provide the conditions for heat absorption both from the environment and from other heat sources, for example, from the water itself, to compensate for the endothermic effect of the water decomposition reaction.

The aim of the invention is to increase productivity, efficiency, economic feasibility.

To obtain these goals, it is necessary to increase the energy capacity to perform useful work under the condition that the circuit operates in resonance mode or as close as possible to it. Suppose we have a non-sinusoidal supply voltage, which is a half-wave rectified sinusoidal voltage. Then the resonance condition on the k-th harmonic component is written in the form

X LK = KωL = N 2 AKµ a / L = X CK = 1 / Kω · C = d / KAε a .

In our case, (51) 10 GHz is the resonant frequency of water, which means that for the k-th harmonic Kω = (51) 10 GHz, whence ω = (51) 10 GHz / K.

From where the frequency of the supply voltage of the k-th harmonic can be reduced by a factor of time, however, it remains quite high. To increase the input frequency, you can use the method of increasing it by adding the frequencies from several supply voltages connected in parallel by the resonant circuit provided that the amplitudes of the input voltages do not coincide, which is achieved by shifting their phases by an angle that satisfies the first condition. It should be noted that the inductance, as well as the capacitance of the resonant circuit, in order to ensure the greatest surface contact with water can consist of a parallel, serial or mixed connection of elements, which ensures uniform transmission of specific energy throughout the volume, and in turn with an increase in the volume of the device conditions are being created for increasing the productivity of gas evolution due to the increased supply of thermal and electric energies. We assume that, for example, when burning 1 liter of hydrogen, K calories of heat are released in a split second. The amount of water formed will be approximately 0.001 liters. These parameters correspond to the boundary of the GA3-WATER and WATER-GAS transitions, i.e. they are reversible. This means that to decompose 0.001 liters of water without the consumption of electricity, it is necessary to evenly spray it in a volume of 1 liter and report K calories of heat, plus a loss for the same time. As you can see, the ratio of the costs of electric and thermal energies for the decomposition of water depends on many parameters and requires experimental research. When striving for the minimum energy consumption, it is necessary to tighten the energy thermal parameters, for example, the impossibility of creating high pressure or the required thermal power with the same expected output, requires equivalent compensation of the missing thermal energy with electromagnetic field energy. It is known that a decrease in the energy of the electric field during resonance is accompanied by an increase in the energy of the magnetic field and vice versa, i.e.: W = Wm + We = L1 / 2 = CU / 2 = CONST. Therefore, in order not to lose half the energy, we place the inductance inside the water capacitor. Thus, two resonant forces directed at an angle of 90 degrees from electric and magnetic fields act on the water molecules, which, using thermal energy, split the water molecule into hydrogen and oxygen. With the simultaneous action of these forces, a shift of, for example, the phase of the magnetic field relative to the electric field by 90 degrees is required, which can be achieved using phase-shifting devices.

The supply of thermal energy to compensate for the endothermic effect during the decomposition of water occurs due to the circulation of water (for example, by a pump) in a closed circuit, through a water decomposition device, a heat receiver, and a device for replenishing water losses during decomposition. A heat sink is a device with a developed surface heated by the sun, or (and) provides the injection of combustion products into cold water, for example, from a hydrogen engine, thereby closing the process and significantly increasing efficiency. The device of the proposed circuit improves the efficiency of industrial production, allows you to use it both in industrial energy devices and road-rail transport. When creating several parallel circuits, it is possible to select thermal energy from many sources.

A method of producing hydrogen from water involves the decomposition of water under the influence of an electric field using a water coaxial capacitor with insulated plates, to which a high-voltage rectified voltage of a pulse form is applied, the decomposition of water into oxygen and hydrogen occurs under the influence of an n-harmonic resonant electromagnetic field, which approaches its own frequency of water, and the energy of decomposition of water is the sum of the thermal and minimally consumed electrical energy of decomposition of water.

In the device for producing hydrogen from water, an inductance is placed between the capacitor plates, which ensures the separation and movement of oxygen and hydrogen through the outlet openings not connected to each other, and the neutralization of gases occurs using conductive grids installed at the outlet of the holes that are connected to a constant voltage source, and the supply of thermal energy occurs along closed parallel circuits, each of which is connected to a source of extraneous thermal energy, and Water is circulated through a pump with variable capacity, while the inductance and capacitance of the resonant circuit consists of parallel, series, and mixed electrical connections of the elements.

In FIG. a device that implements the proposed method is presented. The device comprises a housing 5 made by injection molding, for example, of a heat-resistant copolymer, the dielectric constant of which reaches 100,000 units, has horizontal channels that provide water inlet-outlet, which are connected to coaxially located channels, in the walls of which the capacitor plates 1 and inductance windings 2. Coaxial channels with vertical openings along the magnetic field lines of inductances 2 are connected to gas outlet openings having metal networks ki 4, to which a constant voltage is applied, which ensures the neutralization of hydrogen and oxygen ions. Valves 3 provide a gas outlet at a slight overpressure.

The device operates as follows. When a high-frequency high-voltage voltage is applied to elements 1, 2 of a serial resonant circuit and the channels are filled with circulating heated water, water decomposes into oxygen and hydrogen ions due to electric and thermal energies. Under the influence of the magnetic field of inductance 2, oxygen and hydrogen ions are separated in the space of the magnetic field and each gas separately passes through its metal channels 4 through its channels, where it neutralizes and through the valve 3 neutral gases flow for their intended purpose.

The advantage of the device in comparison with the prototype is that water is simultaneously a carrier of thermal energy. An increase in electric energy per unit volume of water as a result of the developed contact surface of capacitive plates with water leads to an increase in the productivity and efficiency of the device. Placing the inductance in the device leads to an increase in the productivity and efficiency of the device. The device separates gases (hydrogen and oxygen). When changing the speed of water creates the ability to change performance.

Our planet is bathed in a stream of thermal energy coming from the Sun, from the bowels of the earth and from human economic activity. A person does not sufficiently absorb this energy, therefore this invention is aimed at mastering the gratuitous energy indicated above.

Claims

1. A method of producing hydrogen from water, including the decomposition of water under the influence of an electric field using a water coaxial capacitor with insulated plates, to which a high-voltage rectified voltage of a pulse shape is applied, characterized in that the decomposition of water into oxygen and hydrogen occurs under the influence of a resonant electromagnetic field, the frequency of the nth harmonic of which approaches the natural frequency of water, and the energy of decomposition of water is the sum of the thermal and minimally consumed electrical Second expansion of the energy of water.

2. The device, characterized in that between the plates of the capacitor is placed an inductance that separates and moves oxygen and hydrogen along the outlet openings not communicating with each other, and the neutralization of gases occurs using conductive grids installed at the outlet of the holes that are connected to a constant voltage source, and the supply of thermal energy occurs in closed parallel circuits, each of which is connected to a source of extraneous thermal energy, and the heat carrier is An ode circulated by a variable displacement pump.

3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the inductance and capacitance of the resonant circuit consists of parallel, serial and mixed electrical connections of the elements.