Hydrogen generating device and method

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The use of hydrogen as a supplement to, and with the potential to eventually completely replace, currently available fuels is widely accepted. Hydrogen's efficiency and non-polluting nature as a fuel further enhances its reputation.

Traditional systems have been successful in separating hydrogen from oxygen. However, unit heat i (Btu ) The cost of the hitch was so high that it completely prevented the commercialization of the previously known methods.

The most widely known method of separating hydrogen and oxygen atoms from water is electrolysis. The method consists of applying a direct current voltage to an aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide.

When current flows, exchange of ions and electrons occurs between the electrodes. Then, hydrogen atoms are collected at the negative electrode (cathode) and oxygen atoms are collected at the positive electrode (anode). When the space between the electrodes is divided, hydrogen gas and oxygen gas are separated.

Importantly, this method requires chemical solutions. In other words, hydrogen is not generated from pure water. Furthermore, the cost per 100 Btu is about five times the cost of gasoline.

Other electrolysis methods have been devised and disclosed, but they have only become more complex, costly, and unreliable.

Another method under consideration is to use nuclear energy to provide the heat for thermal dissociation of hydrogen. The problem with this method is that there is no container material that can withstand temperatures as high as 3700'F C205B C) and that there is no practical way to achieve such high temperatures. Adding inorganic compounds to the water can lower the temperature, but this will further complicate the process.

The commercialized process, known as the Sosch process, consists of passing steam through carbon heated to high temperature in the presence of a suitable catalyst. As shown in the following equation, -carbon oxide CO and hydrogen are first produced.

H2O+c→Co+H2 The resulting carbon monoxide further reacts with steam to produce carbon dioxide and hydrogen.

CO+H20→CO2+H2 The carbon dioxide is separated from the hydrogen by passing the gas mixture through pressurized water. That is, carbon dioxide dissolves in water, leaving pure or nearly pure hydrogen.

Another method consists of acting on meta/CH4 with steam. The reaction formula is expressed by the following formula.

CH4+H204Co +3H2 CO+H20,-+CO2+H2 The resulting carbon dioxide and hydrogen are separated in a similar manner to the Bosch method. Hydrogen can also be obtained from other hydrocarbons in the same way.

Hydrogen can be obtained as a by-product from processes that produce other substances, such as the production of chlorine by electrolysis of chloride solutions. In this case, the reaction formula is 2(Na+(sq), C4-(aQ)) +2820- +2 (Na+(aq), OH(aq)) 10H2+ct It becomes 2.

The symbol (aq) means that the substance is present in an aqueous solution.

Finally, there is the natural production of hydrogen through photosynthesis. This process is still at the laboratory beaker level at best, and those skilled in the art recognize that the hydrogen generation efficiency of this process is only 67 inches.

There is widespread agreement among scientists that all forms of hydrogen production must be considered, even if they are expensive, inefficient, or impractical. However, the important thing is that hydrogen is the fuel of the future. The only question is when hydrogen will be produced in a certain way.

Popular 5science published September 1981 [Cheaper Hydrogen] on pages 10-14 of The paper titled ``Cheap Hydrogen'' provides a detailed discussion of the methods to date for dissociating hydrogen atoms, such as those described above.

Unlike conventional methods, the method of the present invention is a simple, efficient and low friction method for separating hydrogen and oxygen atoms from water. Water KFi does not add any chemicals and the power used is negligible.

The most basic idea is to pass water (pure water, salt water, or contaminated water) between two plates made of similar non-oxidizing metals. Thus, a positive potential is applied to one plate and a negative potential to the other plate from a very low DC voltage/current source. Hydrogen atoms are separated, collected and used.

Contaminants in the water are also separated from the water and collected for later use or disposal. Meanwhile, hydrogen and oxygen are recombined to produce pure water.

The current voltage/current used is not adjusted and the F wave is not adjusted.

According to experiments, static force (5ta tic force), whereas pulsating DC voltage/current acts as a dynamic force (dynamlcf). orce). When DC is changed to 9 rus, its action as power becomes even stronger, Therefore, the effect of separating atoms from water molecules is strengthened.

The equipment for carrying out this method is quite simple and therefore inexpensive to manufacture. Several plate arrangements and configurations are disclosed along with graphs representing their relative efficiencies. Another apparatus for separating hydrogen from oxygen is also disclosed.

It is thus an object of the present invention to provide a method and apparatus for generating hydrogen and oxygen, which can work on any natural water source, regardless of its purity.

Another object of the invention is to provide a hydrogen/oxygen generator which can be operated with very low l/'1 power, is very efficient and has very low operating costs.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a hydrogen/m2 generation device that separates hydrogen/oxygen from water containing contaminants and then recombines the hydrogen/oxygen to produce pure water.

It is a further object of the invention to provide a hydrogen/oxygen generation system which uses equipment made of simple and inexpensive materials and whose construction dimensions can be varied without loss of efficiency. .

Other objects and features of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the drawings.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an embodiment of the present invention.

The structure 110 contains hydrogen 38a to '38n and oxygen 39a. ~39n and molecules 62a~ consisting of foreign substances 64a~64n Contains feed water 15 containing 62n. A pair of plates 9a and 9n made of the same type of non-oxidizing metal are immersed in water 15.

An electric wire whose other end is connected to the negative terminal of the DC voltage/current source 30 is attached to the terminal 32 of the first play) 9a. Another electric wire, the other end of which is connected to the positive terminal of the DC voltage/current source 30, is connected to the terminal 31 of the second play 9b.

Play) The DC voltage applied to the water passing between 9a and 9b causes hydrogen atoms 39a to 39 to flow from water molecules 62a to 62n. n and oxygen atoms 38a-39n (appearing as bubbles). The strong action of the applied voltage attacks the molecular structure of water, not its atomic structure. That is, a sub-atomic action is performed. Foreign matter or contaminants 64a to 64n are water molecules 62a. ~62n, overflowing to the outer regions of plates 9a and 9b and being collected in a collector located at the bottom of tank 110.

Hydrogen gas 63a-63n and oxygen gas 65a-65n rise above the liquid. These gases are separated, collected, and then utilized as described below.

A process using a device such as that shown in FIG. 6 is one that can operate in its most crude form. To increase and increase the efficiency of this operation, the process and equipment are modified as shown in the cross-sectional view of the preferred embodiment in FIG. 1 and the perspective view of the same in FIG.

A DC voltage/power supply 30 (schematically shown in FIG. 5) provides a rectified, but unregulated, DC voltage. That is, this DC voltage is pulsating and unregulated. The pulsating current acts as a constant static physical force depending on the magnitude of the applied power.

The amount of electrical power required by the preferred embodiment hydrogen/oxygen generator as illustrated is surprisingly small. In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 7, the DC voltage/current source 3o supplies 12V to the terminal 4 at 1A.

Increasing the voltage enhances the strong subatomic effects on water molecules. FIG. 8 1'i is a graph showing voltage/current versus amount of gas generated. The amount of gas generated is expressed as a linear function of the applied voltage value. However, there are severe limits to voltage increases. As the voltage/current increases, the temperature of the water increases until conditions are reached where water vapor is generated.

This is illustrated graphically in FIG. Further, as shown graphically in FIG. 8, the current versus amount of gas generated also depends on the type of water used.

Therefore, other conditions can be considered instead of increasing the electric power to enhance the subatomic action without affecting water molecules.

The first step is to change the waveform of the current and voltage of the power supply applied to the plate.

FIG. 5 shows an electronic switch for opening and closing the pulsating DC output of the DC voltage/current source 3o. Pulse a Ij12 Minutes (!Jzzol) are not removed. Plate 328-3 2n is connected to a common ground 34. Positive terminal 33 a to 33n are respectively connected to contacts 31a to 31n of a switch 35 that makes rotating contact and disconnection with the DC voltage/current source 30.

The pulsating output voltage acts to force a dynamic force on the water molecules. The pulse repetition rate r (depends on the amount of gas generated).

Other structural factors that alter and influence, and particularly improve, hydrogen gas production include (1) plate dimensions, (2) plate spacing, (3) number of plates, and (417a rate shape) changes. In developing the plate, each of these factors was considered to yield optimal results for the preferred embodiment.

FIG. 2 shows an array of tubular plates used in the preferred embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 7. The term "plate" as used below means an electrical surface having a large area, and it is not important, other than as defined below, whether the surface is flat or curved, tubular or of any other shape. That is, each tubular plate has an outer tube 32a. ~32n1 and inner tubes 33a~33n.

The terminal wire 3 connects each center tube 338 to 33n. 6, and connecting each outer tube to a common ground is a terminal wire 36. Two terminal wires 34 and 36 are connected to the positive and negative terminals of DC voltage/current source 30, respectively. Interposed between the outer tube and the inner tube are a series of spacers 35a-35n.

The arrangement of the coaxial tubes is specifically shown in the perspective view of FIG.

FIG. 3 shows another plate arrangement and configuration used in the preferred embodiment. The concentric ring array includes a series of tubes, each tube being coaxial with the other tubes and equally spaced apart in dimension from the tubes immediately within it. Center tube 38a and 1 The two tubes 38b and 38c are the positive wire terminals 36 Acts as a positive great connected to. Each tubular plate 38a, 38b and 38c is connected to a wire terminal 34 via a connector 8a and 8b.

Three hardeners 39δ, 39b and 39c maintain uniform spacing between the respective tubular plates.

FIG. 4 shows yet another arrangement and configuration of the plates.

In this embodiment shown in cross-section, the positive plates 9a-9n are connected to each other by electrodes 12a, while the negative plates 1la-11n are connected to each other by poles 12b.

FIG. 12 graphically illustrates the efficiency of the collecting tubular arrangement of FIG. 2, the concentric tubular arrangement of FIG. 3, and the flat plate arrangement of FIG. 4. That is, it represents the amount of gas generated versus the arrangement of the grate. From this graph it will be understood why the tubular arrangement of FIG. 2 is used in the embodiment of FIG.

As mentioned above, another factor that affects gas production is the rMJ spacing of the plates. FIG. 13 shows a graph of plate spacing versus gas generation rate. As can be seen from this graph, as the interval increases, the amount of gas generated decreases. Gas generation efficiency decreases linearly with increasing plate spacing.

As mentioned before, the DC voltage applied to a positive current/voltage plate with water intervening is a physical force that acts on water molecules. This force is of sufficient value to dissociate hydrogen and oxygen atoms from water molecules and other molecules included with the water molecules.

In the conventional techniques described in J: for generating hydrogen gas, such as in electrolytic processes, it is necessary to distill water or purify it by other methods.

Distilled water, rainwater, tap water, river water, untreated well water, treated well water, and seawater were analyzed to determine the relative difference in water purity with respect to gas production. Figures 8 and 15 show the results of gas generation vs. power for each test water. As shown in the figure.

Water containing contaminants appears to aid gas production. However, the nature of water contaminants does not seem to have any significance. Hydrogen and oxygen atoms dissociate from water molecules. All other substances contained in the water are also freed and overflow from the tank 37 and fall to the bottom 43.

As described above, we have studied the applied electric force, the physical configuration of the electric plate, the applied power, and the water conditions. The function and operation of a preferred embodiment of the gas generator will now be described in detail.

Container] 0 has the shape of a rectangular, elongated box that completely encloses the components described below.

Water from which hydrogen gas is to be removed enters chamber 36 across inlet 42 . Water is either pumped in or delivered from a water source via line 56 at atmospheric pressure. As mentioned above, water does not need to be pure and can come from any source. Water delivered from water source 42 enters chamber 36 . The chamber 36 forms a free area relative to the open upper enclosure.

Water entering chamber 36 rises through the plate population 60fi- described in FIG.

A positive DC voltage is applied to the inner tubular structure and the collective array 60 A negative DC voltage is applied to each of the external tubular structures. This DC voltage is applied via a terminal 4 connected to a suitable DC voltage/current 30.

Hydrogen gas is indicated by black circle 38 in Figure 1, and oxygen gas is indicated by white circle 3. Indicated by 9.

The separated hydrogen and oxygen gases rise and enter the accumulator chamber 47.

Not all water molecules break down into their atomic components. Undecomposed water 41\'i overflows from the top of chamber 37 and descends along outer chamber 54 and returns to reservoir 43.

As mentioned above, there is no need to use pure water; the water intake will contain some form of contaminants. As will be appreciated, when the water molecules are attacked by dynamic and static electric forces, the contaminants attached to the water molecules are shaken free and liberated. This contaminant also rises to the top of the chamber 37, and the excess water 4] form part of. These contaminants do not contain hydrogen or oxygen, so atomic decomposition does not occur. The water together with contaminants falls into the extraction chamber 43.

In the removal chamber 43, most of the sediment or sludge falls to the bottom of the chamber 32. The water from which most of the precipitate has been removed is passed through the activated carbon filter 3 of boats 33a to 33n1. 1 and enters the return water chamber 44. The top of the water in chamber 44 falls into vertical tube 35 .

Water, substantially free of all contaminants, returns from pipe 45 through line 55 to inlet tube 42. The combined water entering from inlet 55 and water entering from inlet 56 is again treated as described above.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a preferred embodiment of the invention; FIG. 2 is a diagram showing coaxially arranged plates used in the embodiment of FIG. 1; FIG. FIG. 4 is a diagram of another plate arrangement, namely a flat plate arrangement; FIG. 5 is a diagram showing how voltage is applied to several plates; FIG. FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the preferred embodiment of FIG. 1; FIG. 8 is a graph showing the effects of gas production and water quality on applied power; Figure 9 is a graph showing the amount of gas generated and the rise in water temperature with respect to the applied electric power. Figure 10 is a graph showing the amount of gas generated versus the length of the plate in the R-shaped plate. Figure 11 is a graph showing the amount of gas generated versus the electric power applied for pure water, Figure 12 is a graph of the amount of gas generated for three plate structures with different geometric shapes, and Figure 13 is a graph of the amount of gas generated for three plate structures with different geometric shapes. A graph showing the change in the amount of gas generated when the interval is increased. Figure 14 is a graph showing the relationship between the electricity cost and the amount of gas generated and an increase in excitation plate size. Figure 15 is a graph showing the relationship between the electricity cost and the amount of gas generated and the increase in excitation plate size. Graph of Gas Generation Amount FIG. 16 is a graph of gas generation amount versus repetition rate of /'P russive direct current. 98-9b...Conductive plate, 30...DC voltage/ Current source, 34.36... Connection means, 38a to 38n. ...Oxygen atom, 39a-39n...Hydrogen atom, 62a ~62n...Water molecules 60 FIG, 2 ] 00 FIG, 5 ″″:′″ 110 FIG, 6 so FIG,'? 91-Furano) FIG, c1-One Taka 1 Tube゛Q (Misakisa Kuzu 71 Kisakulo shell ° What prompt! Toku ticket FIG, 12 FIG, 13

Claims

(1) A device for nonionically liberating hydrogen gas and oxygen gas from natural water, comprising: a non-oxidizing housing having a reservoir for holding non-electrolyte natural water; a DC voltage/current source having a pair of similar non-oxidizing plates and means for connecting one of said plates to a negative terminal and the other of said plates to a positive terminal; The device characterized in that the voltage applied to the pair of plates exerts a subatomic action on the water, thereby dissociating hydrogen atoms and oxygen molecules from the water molecules.

(2) The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the voltage from the DC voltage/current source is lachrymal and unregulated and/or pulsed. .

3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the pulsed DC voltage/current source has means for controlling its repetition rate.

(4) The device according to claim 11, characterized in that the DC voltage/current source has means for varying the magnitude of its voltage.

(5) the natural water contains contaminants, and the contaminants are liberated by subatomic action on the water molecules; Device according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises means for collecting said contaminants.

(6) whether the non-oxidizing plate has a flat surface; Alternatively, the device according to claim 1, wherein the device has a non-planar surface.

(7) the non-oxidizing plate is coaxial; The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it has or has concentric surfaces.

(8) The apparatus according to claim (1), wherein the non-oxidizing plate is a plurality of plates arranged in a row.

(9) The non-oxidizing plate comprises a collection of coaxial plates arranged in a row. The device described in item 1). 001 Claim (1) characterized in that the spacing and/or length and/or surface area of the positive non-oxidizing plate and the negative non-oxidizing plate vary. ). The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the non-oxidizing housing has a gas collection channel for maintaining the volume of gas under pressure. is directly related to the action of the direct voltage/current exerted on the water. Claim (1) is characterized in that it has a switch means for connecting and opening/closing a specific plate of the plates arranged in the row with respect to the voltage source. 04 A method for non-ionically liberating hydrogen gas and oxygen gas from non-electrolyte water, the method comprising: discharging said non-electrolyte water in an area defined by a pair of non-oxidizing and electrically conductive plates. by applying a DC positive potential to one of the plates and applying a DC negative potential to the other plate, such that the potential applied to the plate is of sufficient magnitude so that the positive atoms of water molecules are applied to the plate. and the negative atoms of the water molecules are attracted to the positive potential of the plate, thereby dissociating hydrogen and oxygen molecules from the water molecules.