Method for determining the mole fraction of hydrinogas in HHO gas

Description

The method for the qualitative and quantitative detection of a gas is carried out by measuring the density of the gas. In particular, a method for determining a mole fraction of hydrinogas is disclosed. The method is used to control the gas qualities of HHO generators.

In the electrolysis of water in stacked multi-electrode cells, i. H. Electrically connected in series electrolysis cells without separating membranes, as usual in fuel cells, contrary to expectation arises measurably no or too little hydrogen. But oxygen is very well formed, and instead of hydrogen, a gas with a greater relative mass is formed. The atomic / molecular volume, as one would expect from gases, does not change. In the periodic table of the elements and also in the low-molecular chemical gases, there is nothing but a suitable density apart from water. The electrolysis gas is also known as HHO gas, Hydrino or Brown's gas. Various alternative gas reactors are known.

In the classic by Stanley Meyer ( US 4936961 A ) discloses a method of obtaining the release of a fuel gas mixture which generates "hydrogen" and oxygen from water by processing the water as a dielectric medium in an electrical resonant circuit.

The GEET reactor after Paul Pantone ( WO 96/14501 A1 ) works thermally at negative pressure. In addition, there are various plasma processes z. B. Randell Mills international application WO 2015075566 A1 ,

There are such gas generators as part of Plasma Schneider and welding equipment z. B. the ROSCHWELDER the Rosch AG known. In another application, a part of the power of an internal combustion engine is used to generate HHO gas (water car), which is then fed back into the internal combustion engine. It occurs in addition to a reduction in fuel consumption, a significant improvement in exhaust emissions. The most noticeable improvement is in the exhaust gas values of diesel engines.

Another application is the final radiation of radioactive material. Thereby a transmutation of radioactive isotopes into stable isotopes takes place.

A disadvantage of most of these devices is the often lack of consistent gas quality. It is therefore called Clownsgas in specialist circles. This manifests itself in the fact that in many HHO gas applications, the desired effect on average generally only satisfactorily occurs over a relatively long period of time. This and the monitoring of the running-in phase of the electrolysis cells should be improved with this invention.

In order to distinguish atoms and isotopes one determines their atomic mass. The standard gauge is a mass spectrometer. For this, the isotopes are ionized and the charged particles are accelerated in electric fields and then sorted in a magnetic field according to their mass. Eckman ( Eckman: Plasma Orbital Expansion of the Electrons in Water, 2010 ) has published a mass sect program by HHO. ( 1 In this spectrogram you will find a wide range of very different mass particles. Some particle masses are difficult and others not interpretable. There is an urgent suspicion that the ionization required for this process will destroy this gas and give rise to a number of new radicals, ions and / or even other new particles or a new element. Of particular interest in Eckman's mass spectrum is, in addition to the measured waterline (18.01 g), an additional previously unknown mass line at 18.04 g. A mass difference of 0.03 g corresponds to an energy of approximately 28 MeV. This is extremely much and can not be explained by chemical processes. We are obviously dealing here with "LOW ENERGY NUCLEAR REACTIONS" (LENR). Apart from UV radiation, no ionizing radiation could be detected, which is not atypical for LENR.

The other standard analysis method is the determination of the spectrogram. In a HHO flame in the atmosphere, however, the known hydrogen lines are missing. The spectrum is a continuum and very similar to the solar spectrum. As spectral lines are different lines of oxygen and, if present, the electrolyte z. B. NaOH. According to Randell Mills, the spectral lines of the unknown substance are produced exclusively in the extreme UV range and below. ( Time-resolved hydrino continuum transitions with cutoffs at 22.8 nm and 10.1 nm, RL Mills, and Y. Lu ways; Eur. Phys. J. D64, 65-72 (2011) Because of the strong absorption below 180 nm, such a spectrum is difficult and measurable only in maximum vacuum. Randell Mills has theoretically extended the Rydberg formula and has demonstrated virtually spectral energies at 10.1 nm and 22.8 nm.

With the CHIPS UV telescope, the 22.8 nm spectral lines were also detected in an orbit in sunlight. Since this "element" was previously unknown, these lines were in "EUV Spectra of the Full Solar Disk: Analysis and Results of the Cosmic Hot Interstellar Plasma Spectrometer (CHIPS)" (MM Sirk, M. Hurwitz, W. Marchant, Solar Phys (2010) 264: 287-309) marked with a question mark 4 the publication at 227A.

Also in a publication by Sholl (University of California, Space Sciences Laboratory) in 5 the line is clearly visible.

Presentation of the invention

It has been found that in some arrangements for the electrolysis of water, no or too little hydrogen is produced and, at the same time, a new substance unknown in textbook physics appears. This substance is named as suggested by Mills in the following Hydrino. Hydrogen gas is produced in most gas generators together with molecular oxygen and often with molecular hydrogen. This mixture is hereinafter referred to as HHO gas. In order to make hydrinogas more economically viable, a qualitative and quantitative detection method is necessary.

The object of the invention is to develop a simple process which manages without ionization and thus the hydrinogas is not destroyed in the analysis. As a quality feature, the concentration or molar fraction of the hydrin gas should be determined and monitored in order to control gas production and to be able to extract a consistent gas quality.

The measured HHO gas density ρ HHO can vary between 0.5 g / l and 0.95 g / l. The cause is to be found in the different proportion of hydrinos. The first value corresponds to the density of pure oxyhydrogen gas and the second value arises arithmetically when the hydrogen in the oxyhydrogen gas is replaced by a substance with a density similar to that of water in the gaseous state under normal conditions. Whereby it is expressly not water vapor, because it could only exist in traces under atmospheric pressure conditions. With oxygen sensors in the HHO gas from different gas generators always an O 2 content very close to 33.3% was determined. From this one can conclude that Hydrino gas obeyed the molar volume and necessarily because of the one-third, two-thirds volume division in the electrolysis of water must be formed via intermediate steps from the hydrogen content in the H 2 O molecule.

It is known that the conversion of hydrogen into hydrinos already happens in the liquid. For this reason it is practiced practice that HHO gas cells must first "run in", d. H. be operated for a long time, so that the HHO gas can develop its qualities. The water has to be "conditioned" first. Electrolysis cells with concentric electrodes are particularly favorable since they do not require any electrolytes.

If, in equation (1), the mass of hydrogen is replaced by the 18.04 g of the Eckman mass spectrum, the result is a density of ρ HHO = 0.95 g / l. This is consistent with the experience that no major densities were found in a variety of measurements with different gas generators. The HHO gas has, contrary to expectations, one of the starting material hydrogen a much larger relative mass of 18.04 g. Therefore, it is sufficient to directly measure the density of HHO gas in order to determine the gas contents / substance concentrations of hydrogen and hydrinogas.

After completion of the run-in phase in concentric cells no hydrogen is produced. The maximum possible measured density of the HHO gas of 0.95 g / l is achieved. From this density one can determine the relative mass of the Hydrinogasmoleküls with: one at ρ HHO = 0.95 g / l ideally a relative mass of about 18.04 g is obtained.

To control the calculation, you can remove the oxygen as a gas with an oxygen absorber in a gas bag. At atmospheric pressure, a maximum achievable density of ρ = 18.04 g / 24 l = 0.7517 g / l.

Also in the mass spectrogram of Eckman a high proportion of several components with the molar mass near 18 g has been found. The molar mass of water is calculated to be 18.01 g = 15.994 g + 2 x 1.008 g. In addition to this mass, Eckmans also found a second mass of 18.04 g. It is obvious that this second mass of 18.04 g is identical to the mass determined in this method (excerpt from the Eckman mass spectrogram in 2 ).

In the Eckman spectrum, the line is missing at 9.02 g. It can be concluded that a Hydrinogasmolekül is probably monatomic. Chemically, it should behave as a noble gas so largely inert. One more reason why this substance has been overlooked so far.

However, it does not work to feed a fuel cell instead of hydrogen with hydrinogas. After the hydrinogas was replaced by hydrogen in a test setup, the fuel cell ran immediately, d. H. Hydrinogas is also distinct from hydrogen chemically, even though hydrinogas was made from hydrogen.

The only stable isotope with 18 nucleons is 18 O. The isotope 18 O is out of the question because of the too small atomic mass of 17.9991 g to explain the phenomenon.

Since there is no gaseous chemical compound other than water vapor with a molar mass close to 18 g, as can be seen from relevant table collections of the chemistry of the density of gaseous substances, this must be a new element / substance.

The molar mass of the HHO gas is composed of the individual molar masses and their molar proportions as follows. M ges = M H₂ c H₂ + M hy c Hy + M O₂ c O₂ Eq. (3) Provided that there are no other gas components or all other gases except O 2 and H 2 are considered as a gas, you can c H₂ by the other two components c H₂ = (1 - c Hy - c O₂ ) express. M ges = M H₂ (1 - C Hy - C O₂ ) + M hy c Hy + M O₂ c O₂ Eq. (4)

After switching, the concentration of the hydrin gas is found where for M sat M ges = ρ HHO V mol Eq. (6) Is accepted. The density ρ HHO is obtained via the density measurement and the molar volume V mol results from the gas equation via the measurement of pressure and temperature.

The HHO gas density can be determined by a standard method. You can commercially available devices that are suitable for gases at the desired pressures, eg. B. Coriolis force flowmeter, bending vibrator or other use.

The oxygen concentration is determined with an oxygen sensor for gases.

To determine the current molar volume a temperature and pressure measurement is used.

Another advantage is that the process also works with other oxygen concentrations. This is particularly advantageous if the oxygen is purposely removed. This can z. B. with oxygen absorbers, gas centrifuges u. a. respectively.

The possibility of cross-sensitivity of commercially available hydrogen sensors with hydrinogas is excluded from the measurement principle.

Since the atomic mass differs significantly from the original starting material hydrogen, the method is also suitable for the detection of this particular gas.

The special feature of this method is that according to textbook chemistry / physics in the electrolysis no mass and thus no density change is possible and therefore not expected.

The large-scale separation of the hydrinogase of the actual active ingredient in the HHO gas will make completely new applications possible. The quality of such a separation process can also be determined with this invention.

The separation of the oxygen can also be carried out with other gas separation processes than with the help of oxygen absorbers. One possibility is, for example, to exploit the different boiling temperatures, as is customary in the classic lime method.

Another application is the gas centrifuge. Since the density difference between oxygen and the HHO gas in this case is much clearer than in the isotope separation for uranium enrichment, a gas centrifuge can also be used relatively easily.

The use of oxygen generators (sorption) is conceivable. Only in this case the residual gas represents the desired component.

The large-scale separation of the hydrinogase of the actual active ingredient in the HHO gas will make completely new applications possible.

There are a number of elementary particles with relative masses between 1.5 and 6. They all belong to the baryons. These are elementary particles that consist of three quarks. The most common representative is the proton. It is also the only stable baryon. The second important representative is the neutron. It is only stable in association with other baryons, in particular protons. Otherwise, almost all known baryons have an extremely short decay time. Baryons with a mass between 1.5 and 6 can be neutral, positively or negatively charged. Now you can imagine that it is in addition to the combination of protons and Neutrons are still other combinations of baryons that are stable. Precisely this idea is suggested by the experiments to determine the relative masses.

From ignition tests of the electrolysis gas in closed containers, it is known that such a baryon-baryon gas decomposes upon ionization. It again protons (other baryons) and in conjunction with the oxygen expressly liquid water and vacuum. Apart from UV radiation, no measurable ionizing radiation can be observed.

Embodiment of the invention

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to an embodiment. The aim is to determine the concentration / mole fraction of the hydrinogase in the HHO gas. According to the invention, the molar fraction of hydrinogas in the HHO gas is determined with a gas generator capable of doing so, eg. For example, the gas is formed in an electrolysis in electrolysis cells with preferably concentric electrodes and without separating membrane of water. The process also works for other gas generators, for example, plate cells are easier to manufacture.

In a first step, the density ρ HHO of the HHO gas is tuned with the aid of a preferably high-quality, well-filled electrolysis cell, preferably with concentric electrodes. After completion of a run-in phase, a maximum possible measured density ρ HHOmax of the HHO gas is achieved in the concentric electrolysis cells and a relative mass M Hy of the pure hydrinogases is calculated according to Eq. (2) Determined by taking the values for the maximum possible measured density of the HHO gas, the molar mass M O₂ of O 2 and the molar volume V mol at 20 ° C and atmospheric pressure in the formula Eq. (2) are used The measured density is 0.95 g / l.

With an oxygen absorber in a gas bag you can remove the oxygen as gas. This gives a maximum gas density ρ HHOmax of 0.7517 g / l. With M HHOmax = M Hy = ρ HHO V mol = 0.7517 g / l 24 l = 18.04 g For example , a molar mass M HHOmax of the hydrinogase near the measured value from the mass spectrograph of 18.04 g is determined.

This value is a previously unknown constant and a prerequisite for further calculation.

For the qualitative and quantitative assessment of HHO gases, the density, the pressure, the temperature and the oxygen concentration (the mole fraction) should be measured. Then can with the following formula the mole fraction c Hy of the hydrin gas can be calculated, relative mass M Hy of the pure hydrin gas is now known and 18.04 g.

Are the temperature t in ° C, the pressure p 0 under normal conditions, the current pressure p, the density ρ HHO of the HHO gas, the mole fraction c O₂ of the oxygen, the mole fraction c Hy of the hydrino, the molar mass M H₂ of hydrogen , the molar mass M O₂ of oxygen and the molar mass M Hy of the Hydrinos used in the formula results

Alternatively, the calculation is made when the HHO gas is collected in a gas bag containing an oxygen absorber. After the oxygen is completely absorbed, the density ρ HHO of the residual gas is measured, whereby the relative mass M HHOmax of the pure hydrin gas is calculated M HHOmax = M Hy = ρ HHO V mol Eq. (11) and with the knowledge of the relative mass M Hy and a measurement of density ρ HHO , temperature t and pressure p for any HHO gases, the molar fraction c Hy of the hydrin gas is calculated according to the formula Eq. (10) calculated.

The method is also suitable for the detection of hydrinogas. The process can distinguish between hydrogen and hydrinogas and precludes cross-sensitivity to commercial hydrogen sensors.

It also works if the oxygen has been completely or partially removed. (When the oxygen is completely removed, the density of the hydrogen-hydrine gas mixture varies between 0.083 g / L and 0.7517 g / L.)

Non-patent literature

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

Cited non-patent literature

Claims

Method for determining the molar fraction of hydrinogas in HHO gas from a gas generator capable of doing so, in particular gas which is produced by electrolysis in electrolysis cells with preferably concentric electrodes and without separating membranes of water, the relative mass M Hy of the hydrinogam molecule being known from a mass spectrogram where a) a current density ρ HHO of the HHO gas is measured, b) a temperature t in ° C and c) a pressure p 0 are measured under normal conditions, d) a current pressure p and a pressure p 0 at 0 ° C are measured, e) a mole fraction c O₂ of the oxygen is measured for any HHO gases, f) from which the mole fraction c Hy of the hydrin gas according to the following formula is calculated, wherein the molar mass M is H₂ of hydrogen and the molar mass M O₂ of oxygen.

A method according to claim 1, characterized in that a detection of Hydrinogas takes place.

A method according to claim 1, characterized in that for the electrolysis high quality, a well-run electrolysis cell is used.

A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the determination of the mole fraction of hydrinogas in the HHO gas is carried out at partial or complete removal of oxygen.