Mode of incineration of hydrocarbon fuel and an arrangement for realization of this mode

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RUSSIAN FEDERATION (19) (11) (13)

FEDERAL SERVICE

FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY,

PATENTS AND TRADEMARKS

ABSTRACT OF INVENTION

(21), (22) Application: 2004114891/06, 17.05.2004 (72) Inventor(s):

Monich A.E. (RU), (24) Effective date for property rights: 17.05.2004 Monich E.A. (RU) (45) Date of publication: 27.11.2005 Bull. 33 (73) Proprietor(s):

Monich Anton Evgen'evich (RU),

Mail address:

Monich Evgenij Anatol'evich (RU) 142190, Moskovskaja obl., g. Troitsk, ul.

Shkol'naja, 11, kv.5, A.E. Monichu

(54) MODE OF INCINERATION OF HYDROCARBON FUEL AND AN ARRANGEMENT FOR

REALIZATION OF THIS MODE

(57) Abstract: enrichment of fuel-airy mixture with free FIELD: mode of incineration of hydrocarbon electrons and a source of a speeded up electric fuel and an arrangement for its realization power which includes a system of electrons with refers to engines and power engineering with controlled multiplexer switch connected to the working processes including preliminary sources of high-voltage tension. The invention processing of fuel. allows to realize in a necessary moment of time SUBSTANCE: the invention may be applied for momentary development of three-dimensional incineration of fuel as in a periodic regime radical explosion in fuel-airy mixture due to which is characteristic for reciprocating motors simultaneous destruction of the majority of of internal combustion so as for fulfillment of accumulated metastable molecules of intermediate

streaming regimes of incineration of fuel, for products. Destruction of molecules of

example, in jet, turbojet, gas turbine engines intermediate products generates a great number of and power installations. The mode realizes active radicals and particles dividing and induced destruction of molecules of metastable creating new circuits of reaction of oxidation of

intermediate products of incomplete oxidation of hydrocarbon and leads to development of chainhydrocarbons, accumulated in gas volume of fuel- radical explosion.

airy mixture, by way of power impact leading to EFFECT: high effectiveness of incineration mode. explosive three-dimensional spontaneous 21 cl, 7 dwg combustion of gas mixture. Peculiarity of the mode consists in that fuel-airy mixture is enriched with free electrons and power impact on molecules of the mixture for excitation of oscillatory degrees of freedom of molecules is fulfilled by means of their inelastic concussion with free electrons, speeded up by electric field, which tension E is less than tension of

switching to independent gas discharge.

Enrichment of fuel-airy mixture with free electrons is fulfilled by way of its ionization or by way of injection of electrons. The installation for realization of this mode has a combustion chamber with a source of power impact.

The source of power impact consists of a unit of

Ñòðàíèöà: 3

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êðèòè÷íûõ ïàðàìåòðîâ òðóäíî îáåñïå÷èòü äîñòàòî÷íóþ óïðàâë åìîñòü, òî÷íîñòü è ïîâòîð åìîñòü ìîìåíòà ïåðåõîäà âî âçðûâ. Óêàçàííà îñîáåííîñòü èìååò îïðåäåë þùåå çíà÷åíèå äë ïðèìåíåíèé, ñâ çàííûõ ñ ïåðèîäè÷åñêèì ñæèãàíèåì òîïëèâíî-âîçäóøíîé ñìåñè â èçìåí þùèõñ óñëîâè õ, íàïðèìåð, â äâèãàòåë õ âíóòðåííåãî ñãîðàíè è âë åòñ 5 îñíîâíîé òåõíè÷åñêîé ïðîáëåìîé, ñäåðæèâàþùåé ïðàêòè÷åñêóþ ðåàëèçàöèþ íåêîòîðûõ ïåðñïåêòèâíûõ òåõíîëîãèé, òàêèõ êàê "Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition" and "Controlled Auto Ignition" (CAI (HCCI Engine) [14].

Êðîìå òîãî, îñíîâíûì ïîñëåäñòâèåì ïðåäñòàâëåííîãî ìåõàíèçìà âîñïëàìåíåíè òîïëèâíî-âîçäóøíîé ñìåñè è åå ñãîðàíè ïóòåì ðàñïðîñòðàíåíè ôðîíòà ïëàìåíè â 10 äâèãàòåë õ âíóòðåííåãî ñãîðàíè ñ èñêðîâûì çàæèãàíèåì âë åòñ îãðàíè÷åíèå íà íåîïðàâäàííî íèçêîì óðîâíå äîïóñòèìîé ñòåïåíè ñæàòè r (r≤11÷12) èç-çà âîçíèêíîâåíè ñòóêà (äåòîíàöèè), íåïîëíîå ñãîðàíèå òîïëèâà, ïîâûøåííà òîêñè÷íîñòü ïðîäóêòîâ ãîðåíè è, êàê ñëåäñòâèå, íèçêèé êïä.

Äðóãîé íåïðè òíîé îñîáåííîñòüþ ðåàêöèè ñ òåïëîâûì "ìåõàíèçìîì" ñòèìóëèðîâàíè 15 ðàçâåòâëåíè öåïåé âë åòñ îòíîñèòåëüíî íèçêà ñêîðîñòü ðàçâèòè íåîáðàòèìîãî ïðîöåññà ñàìîâîñïëàìåíåíè . Ïðè÷åì ñêîðîñòü ðàçâèòè ïðîöåññà çàíèæåíà íå ïî ïðè÷èíå "ïðèíöèïèàëüíûõ ïðèðîäíûõ îãðàíè÷åíèé", à ëèøü èç-çà òîãî, ÷òî íà íà÷àëüíîì ýòàïå íåîáðàòèìîãî ïåðåõîäà ê òåïëîâîìó âçðûâó îòíîñèòåëüíî ìåäëåííî ðàñòåò òåìïåðàòóðà è, ñëåäîâàòåëüíî, ìåäëåííî íàðàñòàåò ÷èñëî ðàñïàäàþùèõñ 20 ìåòàñòàáèëüíûõ ìîëåêóë èç ÷èñëà íàêîïëåííûõ â òîïëèâíî-âîçäóøíîé ñìåñè. Èìåííî ýòî îáñòî òåëüñòâî ëèìèòèðóåò òàêæå ñêîðîñòü ðàñïðîñòðàíåíè ïëàìåíè, èëè, ÷òî ýêâèâàëåíòíî äë áîëüøèíñòâà ïðèìåíåíèé ïðè íåïðåðûâíîì ðåæèìå ñæèãàíè òîïëèâà, ñêîðîñòü ïîäà÷è òîïëèâíî-âîçäóøíîé ñìåñè â çîíó ãîðåíè .

Ïðè îñóùåñòâëåíèè ñæèãàíè òîïëèâà â íåïðåðûâíîì ðåæèìå, íàïðèìåð â àâèàöèîííûõ 25 ïð ìîòî÷íûõ âîçäóøíî ðåàêòèâíûõ èëè ãàçîòóðáèííûõ äâèãàòåë õ, äë îðãàíèçàöèè ãîðåíè â âûñîêîñêîðîñòíîì ïîòîêå èñïîëüçóþò ðàçëè÷íûå ìåòîäû ãàçîäèíàìè÷åñêîé ñòàáèëèçàöèè ïëàìåíè. Îäèí èç íèõ - ðàçìåùåíèå ïëîõîîáòåêàåìîãî òåëà (ñòàáèëèçàòîðà), ñîçäàþùåãî ïåðåðàñïðåäåëåíèå äàâëåíè â ïîòîêå è, êàê ñëåäñòâèå, çîíó îáðàòíûõ òîêîâ.  òàêîì ìåòîäå ñòàáèëèçàöèè ïðîäóêòû ãîðåíè , öèðêóëèðóþùèå â çîíå îáðàòíûõ òîêîâ, 30 ñëóæàò ïîñòî ííûì èñòî÷íèêîì çàæèãàíè äë âíîâü ïîñòóïàþùåé òîïëèâíî-âîçäóøíîé ñìåñè. Óñòîé÷èâîñòü òóðáóëåíòíîãî äèôôóçèîííîãî ïëàìåíè íà ñòàáèëèçàòîðå ïî îòíîøåíèþ ê ñêîðîñòè íàáåãàþùåãî ïîòîêà è ðàñõîäó òîïëèâà - î÷åíü êðèòè÷íûé ïàðàìåòð, âî ìíîãîì îïðåäåë þùèé õàðàêòåðèñòèêè ýíåðãåòè÷åñêîé óñòàíîâêè. Ïëàì óñòîé÷èâî â òåõ ñëó÷à õ, êîãäà ñêîðîñòü ïîäà÷è òîïëèâíî-âîçäóøíîé ñìåñè íå ïðåâûøàåò çíà÷åíè , 35 ïðè êîòîðîì ñóùåñòâóþò îáðàòíûå òîêè, íàãðåâàþùèå íîâûå ïîðöèè ñâåæåé ãîðþ÷åé ñìåñè.

Ñïîñîá ïåðèîäè÷åñêîãî ñæèãàíè òîïëèâíî-âîçäóøíîé ñìåñè áåç ðàñïðîñòðàíåíè ôðîíòà ïëàìåíè [15] îñíîâàí íà ïðèíóäèòåëüíîì ðàçðóøåíèè ìåòàñòàáèëüíûõ ìîëåêóë ïðîìåæóòî÷íûõ ïðîäóêòîâ íåïîëíîãî îêèñëåíè óãëåâîäîðîäîâ â îáúåìå ãîðþ÷åé ñìåñè 40 ïóòåì ýíåðãåòè÷åñêîãî âîçäåéñòâè .  ýòîì ñïîñîáå ïðè ðàçðóøåíèè ìåòàñòàáèëüíûõ ìîëåêóë ïðîèñõîäèò ðàçâåòâëåíèå ðåàêöèè, áûñòðî ðàçâèâàåòñ öåïíîé âçðûâ âî âñåì îáúåìå òîïëèâíî-âîçäóøíîé ñìåñè, ãäå áûëè ðàçðóøåíû ìîëåêóëû. Òàêèì îáðàçîì, ðàçðóøåíèå ìåòàñòàáèëüíûõ ìîëåêóë ôóíêöèîíàëüíî çàìåí åò çàæèãàíèå òîïëèâíîâîçäóøíîé ñìåñè. Óêàçàííûé ñïîñîá ñæèãàíè òîïëèâíî-âîçäóøíîé ñìåñè ïðè 45 èñïîëüçîâàíèè â êà÷åñòâå ýíåðãåòè÷åñêîãî âîçäåéñòâè ñëàáîé óäàðíîé âîëíû èëè ïîòîêà ýëåêòðîìàãíèòíîãî èçëó÷åíè íàèáîëåå áëèçîê ê íàñòî ùåìó èçîáðåòåíèþ è âûáðàí â êà÷åñòâå ïðîòîòèïà.

Ïðåäëîæåííûé â [15] âèä ýíåðãåòè÷åñêîãî âîçäåéñòâè , ñâ çàííûé ñ èñïîëüçîâàíèåì ñëàáîé óäàðíîé âîëíû, ìîæåò áûòü èñïîëüçîâàí òîëüêî â ïåðèîäè÷åñêîì ðåæèìå ñæèãàíè 50 òîïëèâíî-âîçäóøíîé ñìåñè â óñëîâè õ äâèãàòåë âíóòðåííåãî ñãîðàíè è íå ìîæåò áûòü ðàñïðîñòðàíåí íà ñëó÷àè íåïðåðûâíîãî ãîðåíè , õàðàêòåðíûå äë ñæèãàíè òîïëèâíîâîçäóøíîé ñìåñè, íàïðèìåð, â íåïðåðûâíîì ïðîòî÷íîì ðåæèìå. Äðóãîé ïðåäëîæåííûé â [15] âèä ýíåðãåòè÷åñêîãî âîçäåéñòâè ïóòåì îáëó÷åíè ãîðþ÷åé ñìåñè ïîòîêîì Ñòðàíèöà: 8

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ýíåðãåòè÷åñêîé óñòàíîâêè; âîçìîæíîñòü óâåëè÷åíè ñêîðîñòè ïðîòåêàíè ãîðþ÷åé ñìåñè; âîçìîæíîñòü îáîéòèñü áåç ñòàáèëèçàòîðîâ ãîðåíè ; âîçìîæíîñòü îáîéòèñü áåç ïîäæèãàþùèõ ãîðåëîê; ïîâûøåíèå ñòàáèëüíîñòè ãîðåíè òîïëèâà.

Èñïîëüçîâàííûå èñòî÷íèêè èíôîðìàöèè 5 1. Levis Â., v. Elbe G. "Combustion, Flames and Explosions of Gases". N. Y., 1951.

10 6. Àôàíàñüåâ Þ.Â. è äð. Êð. ñîîáù. ôèç. (ÔÈÀÍ ÑÑÑÐ), 1970, ¹11, ñ.23. 7. Ãðèöèíèí Ñ.È. è äð. "Òåçèñû äîêëàäîâ II Âñåñîþçíîãî ñîâåùàíè ïî ôèçèêå ýëåêòðè÷åñêîãî ïðîáî ãàçîâ", Òàðòó, 5-8 èþí 1984 ã., ÷.2, ñ.431-433. 8. Ìåñ ö Ã.À. è äð. Ïðåïðèíò ÈÎÀ ÑÎ ÀÍ ÑÑÑÐ ¹3, Òîìñê, 1972.

15 10. Äàøóê Ï.Í., è äð. "Ïèñüìà â ÆÒÔ", ò.7, âûï.14, ñ.853. 11. Äàøóê Ï.Í. è äð. "Ïèñüìà â ÆÝÒÔ", ò.21, âûï.7, ñ.424 (1975).

13. J.S.Escher // Semiconductors and Semimetals. V.15, p.195-300, 1981. 14. "HCCI - Engines" httD://www.ca.sandia.gov/CRF/03 combeng/03 CE-CIE.html.

16. Ñåìåíîâ Í.Í. "Öåïíûå ðåàêöèè". Ë., Ãîñõèìèçäàò, 1934.

17. Ñ.Ê.Westbrook, W.J.Pitz, W.R.Leppard, "The Autoignition Chemistry of Paraffinic Fuels and Pro-Knock and Anti-Knock Additives: A Detailed Chemical Kinetic Study", paper no.912314, Proceeding of the SAE International Fuels and Lubricants Meeting and 25 Exposition, Toronto, Canada, October 7-10, 1991.

18. Charles Ê. Westbrook, "Chemical Kinetics of Hydrocarbon Ignition in Practical Combustion Systems", Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550 USA,

19. H.J.Curran, et al "A Comprehensive Modeling Study of iso-Octane Oxidation" 30 Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94551. 20. Koert D. N., et al, Proc. Combust. Inst. 26, 633-640 (1996). 21. Esser Ñ., et al, "Chemistry of the combustion of higher hydrocarbons and its relation to engine knock" / Proc. 1-st Int. Symp. on diagnostics and modeling of combustion in reciprocating Engines. / The Japanese Society of Mechanical Engineers,

25. Ã.Ñ.ßáëîíñêèé. "Õèìè÷åñêà è áèîëîãè÷åñêà êèíåòèêà", ðåä. Í.Ì.Ýìàíóýëü, Ìîñê.

26. Þ.Âàðíàòö, Ó.Ìààñ, Ð.Äèááë. "Ãîðåíèå", Ìîñêâà, Ôèçìàòëèò, ñ.132-134 (2003).

Ôîðìóëà èçîáðåòåíè 1. Ñïîñîá ñæèãàíè óãëåâîäîðîäíîãî òîïëèâà, ïðè êîòîðîì ðåàëèçóþò ñòèìóëèðîâàííîå 45 ðàçðóøåíèå ìîëåêóë ìåòàñòàáèëüíûõ ïðîìåæóòî÷íûõ ïðîäóêòîâ íåïîëíîãî îêèñëåíè óãëåâîäîðîäîâ, íàêîïëåííûõ â ãàçîâîì îáúåìå òîïëèâíî-âîçäóøíîé ñìåñè, ïóòåì ýíåðãåòè÷åñêîãî âîçäåéñòâè , îòëè÷àþùèéñ òåì, ÷òî òîïëèâíî-âîçäóøíóþ ñìåñü îáîãàùàþò ñâîáîäíûìè ýëåêòðîíàìè, à ýíåðãåòè÷åñêîå âîçäåéñòâèå íà ìîëåêóëû ñìåñè îñóùåñòâë þò ïîñðåäñòâîì èõ íåóïðóãèõ ñîóäàðåíèé ñî ñâîáîäíûìè ýëåêòðîíàìè,

êîòîðîãî ìåíüøå íàïð æåííîñòè ïåðåõîäà ê ñàìîñòî òåëüíîìó ãàçîâîìó ðàçð äó.

2. Ñïîñîá ñæèãàíè óãëåâîäîðîäíîãî òîïëèâà ïî ï.1, îòëè÷àþùèéñ òåì, ÷òî îáîãàùåíèå òîïëèâíî-âîçäóøíîé ñìåñè ñâîáîäíûìè ýëåêòðîíàìè îñóùåñòâë þò ïóòåì åå èîíèçàöèè. Ñòðàíèöà: 19

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