Series LC resonant frequency
At what frequency will this choke and this cell ring together?
- f
- Resonant frequency, Hz
- L
- Inductance, H
- C
- Capacitance, F
LaTeX
f = \frac{1}{2\pi\sqrt{L \cdot C}}
Method
- Convert the inductance to henries and the capacitance to farads. Everything below is in SI; mixing millihenries with farads is the commonest way to get an answer that is wrong by three decades and looks plausible.
- Multiply them: L × C. The product has units of seconds squared, which is the first check that the inputs were what you meant.
- Take the square root. That is the time constant of the loop — very nearly the quarter-period of the ring.
- Multiply by 2π and take the reciprocal. That converts the time constant into a frequency in hertz.
- For the characteristic impedance, take √(L ÷ C). At resonance the inductive and capacitive reactances are equal and opposite, and this is the size of each.
Assumptions
- The inductance and capacitance are constant with frequency. Neither is, in a real VIC: a choke has self-capacitance and a self-resonance of its own, and water’s permittivity falls with frequency (the Cole-Cole behaviour). This answer is the lossless ideal.
- Series connection. A parallel LC has the same resonant frequency but behaves oppositely around it — high impedance rather than low.
- Resistance is ignored. Real damping pulls the peak slightly below this frequency; the shift is negligible for Q above about 5 and is not for a cell full of tap water.
- The cell is treated as a plain capacitor. It is not — it conducts, and its ESR is a function of water conductivity and frequency. Use this to find the neighbourhood, not the setpoint.