
The OVRO Water Line Monitors (WLM) are designed to isolate emission from the 22 GHz atmospheric water vapor line from sources of continuum emission in the 22 GHz band (e.g. liquid water). This is necessary since for a given 1 Kelvin change in brightness temperature, the phase delay caused by water vapor is about 100 times that due to liquid water. Thus in cloudy weather conditions, liquid droplets in the clouds will modify the total signal in the 22 GHz band, but not contribute any substantial phase noise to the astronomical data.







; could you post copper and iron together on the same line



