Theory and Calculation of Transient Electric Phenomena and Oscillations — part 20 of 20

INDEX 547 PAGE Control of circuits by periodic transient phenomena.................. 220 Conversion by quarter-wave circuits... .......... 0... c cece e eee eee 313 Copper, effective penetration of alternating currents ................. 378 ribbon, effective high frequency impedance................. 408 wire, effective high frequency impedance. .................. 408 Cosine wave, traveling. ............... 0c eee e eee eee eee eee ee 434 Critical case of condenser charge and discharge...................... 58 resistance of condenser oscillation.......................... 66 start of condenser on alternating voltage.:.................. 95 Current density, in alternating-current conductor................... 372 effective, of oscillating-current generator ................... 81 transformation at transition point of wave.................. 629 Damping of condenser oscillation...............0.0 cece cece eee eee 66, 72 Decay of continuous current in inductive circuit..................... 17 of wave of condenser oscillation. .......................--5.. 72 Decrement of condenser oscillation.....................000-+-2+- 65, 72 resultant time, of complex circuit........................ 604 Destructive voltages in cables and transmission lines................. 120 Dielectric constant, numerical values.......................002000+. . strength, numerical values................0.0.0000eeeeeee I Dielectric also see Electrostatic. Direct-current generator, self-excitation .......................2.... 932 railway, transient effective resistance.................. 379 Disappearance of transient term in alternating-current circuit......... 43 Discharge of condenser... ..........00 00 ce cece eee e erect e ee eeeees OL Geissler tube... 0.2... 0.000. 9 inductive, as WaVe............-- cece eee eee eee eee ees 685 into transmission line.......................... 642 of motor field... 0.2. ....0. 0... c ccc e cece e eee erences 2D Disruptive strength, numerical values.............................. 1 voltage in opening direct-current circuit.................. 26 Distance attenuation constant...................0 cece ee eee eee 484 in velocity measure... 2.00.0... 0... cece cece eee eee eee eee 435 Distortionless circuit. ..........0..00 0.0 eee eee eee ees 441, 447 Distributed series capacity...........0. 000. e eee cece eee eens 848 Distribution of alternating-current density in conductor............. 369 of alternating magnetic flux in iron.................... 355 Divided circuit, general equations..................... eee eeeeeess 122 continuous-current circuit without capacity................. 126 Dynamostatic machine. .............. 0.00: een eee eee eee eeeeeeee 220 Effective current of condenser discharge.....................--..-- 70 voltage and power of oscillating-current generator... 81 layer of alternating-current conductor..................... 377 penetration of alternating current in conductor......... 376, 378 - . power of complex circuit...................00eeeee eee eee 514 . of condenser oscillation... ..........0.20e0eeeeeeees 70 | reactance of armature reaction..............00eseeeseeees 200

548 INDEX PAGE Effective resistance of alternating-current distribution in conductor, 370, 376 voltage of condenser oscillation.........................-. 70 Efficiency of condenser oscillation. .........................eeee0e. © 72 Electric circuit, general equations ............0...0... 0.00.0 c ee eee eee 428 field, velocity of propagation.............................. 387 Electrolytes, resistivities...........0 00.00 e eee eee eee eee 8 Electrolytic rectifiers ........... 60.60 e ccc cece cece eee ee eve es 222 : Electromagnetic, also see Magnetic. axis of electric field... 0.0.00... 0.0.0... qc cece eee 4 Electrostatic, also see Dielectric. axis of electric field.................. 0.0 cece eee ee eee 4 energy of complex circuit............................ 517 field, energy of... 2.00... 6 ccc cece cece eens 7 Elimination of pulsations in direct-current circuit by capacity......... 134 Energy of complex circuit......°...0..0. 000000 ce eee ee cee eee e es BIB condenser discharge................0000002 cece eeeeeeeees 70 electric field .. 0.0.0.0... ccc ccc cece eect t reece 4,7 transfer in complex circuit............................. 507, 521 constant of complex circuit ........................ 507 Equations, general, of electric circuit.......................-.2..... 428 Even harmonics of half-wave oscillations... ......................... 483 ~ Excitation of motor field............ 0.0.0... cece cece eee eee ee QT Exponential curve of starting current.............0..0 0.00 eee eee 485 Field current at armature short-circuit. ............................ 202 electric, of conductor ......0.... 0.0. eens 3 energy Of... 2... eee eee eens 4 velocity of propagation..........................-... 387 excitation, transient term .................. 0.0 c cece eeeeeess 27 exciting current, rise and decay. ....................0000..05. 7 regulation of generator by periodic transient terms............. 223 resultant polyphase ............. 0... cece cece eee eee eeeess 192 Flat conductor, unequal current distribution ....................... 371 Floating system of control. ......... 0.0.00. 220 Fluctuations of current in divided cireuit........................... 129 voltage of direct-current generator with load.......... 149 Free oscillations... 0.0.0.0. 0... eect eee enseeees 432, 478 and standing waves....................2.00000-0+. 482 Frequency, absence of effect on circuit oscillation................... 10 and starting current of transformer..................... 182 constant of wave.............. eee eect ec eee recess 488 limit of condenser oscillation........................... 78 of condenser oscillation...................2-....+++.. 62, 68 field current at armature short-circuit................. 203 oscillation of condenser, transmission line, cable.... 99, 338 recurrence of discharge in oscillating-current generator.. 81 WAVE. 0. ccc treet eee eee e es 483 range of condenser oscillation ......................... 71 electromagnetic induction..................... 67

e INDEX 549 . PAGE Full-wave oscillation of complex circuit. .......................254. 508 transmission line........................... 336 Fundamental frequency of oscillation, cables and transmission lines 103, 105 Gas pipe, effective high frequency impedance....................... 408 General circuits with inductance and capacity ...................... 174 without capacity..................0.0............. 168 . . equations of electric cireuit.............00000............. 428 Generator, direct-current over-compounded, building up............. 149 self-excitation ..........0.0.0.0..........9 © 82 oscillating current. .........0.00 00000000 ccc ccceeccceeee) 74 German silver, effective penetration of alternating current............ 378 Gradual approach to permanent value............................. 21 or logarithmic condenser charge and discltarge.............. 53 term, also see Logarithmic. Graphite, effective penetration of alternating current................. 378 Grounded transmission line.......0.000 0000000 ccc cee eee eeeeeees 803 Half-wave oscillation. ... 2.0.0... 0 0. eee eee eee eee eases 483, 490 of complex circuit. ........ 00.6 cece cece eee eee eee 509 transmission line........ 0.0.0.2 eee eee ee eee es 883 rectification ........0. 0... cc ccc cece cece eee eeeneeees 221 Harmonics, even, of half-wave oscillation........................... 483 Hertzian oscillators... 0.0... cee eee eect ecee 388 High frequency alternators, momentary short-circuit current......... 201 conductor. . 0.2... 6. cece eee eee eee eee ss 370, 403 discharge. ...... 000. e ee 888 oscillating currents by periodic transient terms....... 220 : oscillations of cables and transmission lines...... 103, 105 power surge of low-frequency. .............00. ccc cece eee eee 105 . stray field and starting current of transformer.................. 189 Impact angle at transition point of wave. ...............-.eeeeeeees 527 Impedance of conductor at high frequency ..................5:245-- 407 effective high frequency................-.......+-. 408, 418 7 of radiation............ 00.002 e eee e ee ees 896 traveling wave ............ 0.000 cece eee 460 Inductance and shunted capacity suppressing pulsations in direct-cur- rent circuit... 0.0... cece ee eee ee 184 effective, of radiation. .............. 0.0 cece eee eee ee SOF energy of complex circuit......................0000002+ 515 in telephone lines.....................00022002+--- 455, 462 massed, in circuit........... 0000 cece eee eee eee ee ee es 887 of conductor without return................-....-++5--+. 390 electric circuit. ......0.0..... 0... e eee eee eee ee 12 range in electric circuit..............-.-.. ccs eee eeeeees§ 18 representing magnetic component of electric field ........ §

—_ 550 INDEX PAGE Induction, magnetic, and starting current of transformer............. 180 motor circuit, starting.............. 2... cece cece eee eee | 44 Inductive discharges into transmission line.......................... 542 shunt to non-inductive circuit............................ 129 Inductorium, equations... 1.2.0.0... 0.0. eee eee erect ee ee 164 Infinitely long conductor. ........... 0.0 c cece eee eee eee eee es 805

• Input, see Power. Instantaneous power in complex circuit.......................+-... 514 Insulators, resistivities... 0.0.6.0... ccc cence nee eene 9 Iron arc operated by oscillating-current generator................... 82 effective penetration of alternating current.................... 348 wire, current distribution..............0....0 cece eeeeeeeeees 870 and pipe, effective high frequency impedance............. 408 Laminated iron, alternating magnetic flux........... ............... 355 pole series booster, response to voltage change............ 158 Layer, effective, of alternating-current conductor.................... 377) | Leakage in telephone lines.................................... 485, 463 Length of wave. ....... 2.000 e eect tee tet e rete eens 488 Lighting circuit, starting....................................... 27, 44 . Lightning arrester, multigap................0...................... 348 conductors... 2.6... eee eee eect aes 890 in thunder cloud................. 2.2. e sree eee 850 Limit condition of condenser equations ..........................-. 50 of frequency of condenser oscillations........................ 78 Loading of telephone lines.......................0............ 455, 462 , Local oscillations of cables and lines........................... 1038, 105 Logarithmic decrement of condenser oscillation ..................... 65 or gradual condenser charge and discharge ............. 53 . start of condenser on alternating voltage............... 95 Low frequency surge in cables and lines....................... 108, 105 stray field and starting current of transformer.................. 189 Loxodromic spiral of starting current....................0.22.0-ee. 46 Magnetic, also see Electromagnetic. density and starting current of transformer................ 180 energy of complex circuit.......................00002..-. 515 field, energy of.... 0.0.0.0... cece eee eee ee eee 6 flux, alternating, in iron.:........... 355, 361, 363, 365, 366, 367 materials. ..... 0... eee eee eee ee eeeeeee = 10 saturation, numerical values....................-..e+-++. 10 Magnet poles, solid, as mutual inductive circuit..................... 155 Main axes of electric field ...........0... 00: c ese e cee eee eee eec ences = 46 wave at transition point............... 0c cece cece eee eee eee BL Massed inductance and electric wave..................000eeeeeee ee 587 Mechanical rectification ............. 0.00 ecw eee ene eee eeeeees 221, 229 Mercury are rectifier 20.0... cee eee eee ee eee 250

INDEX 551 PAGK Metallic conductors, resistivities............0... 000. eee eee eee eens 8 magnetic induction. .......... 0... 5. cece eee cece ee eeees = 10 Minimum wave length of oscillating currents.................2..-... 74 . Motor circuit, alternating, starting.............. 0... c cece eee eee eee = 44 field, excitation... 00.0.6... 6c ccc cee cence ne enceenee 27 Multigap lightning arrester... 2.00.00 6 62 ceeeecceeeeeeees 848 Mutual impedance and velocity of propagation...................... 399 inductance, equations...............0... 0.00: c eee eee eee 148 and velocity of propagation..................... 397 inductive circuit with capacity..........................-.- 161 \ without capacity.......................... 144 . of solid magnet poles...................... 155 Nominal generated e.m.f. and short-circuit current................... 200 Noninductive condenser circuit. .........0.... 00. c cece cece 54 shunt to inductive circuit................. cece eee eee 129 Nonoscillatory, see Gradual or Logarithmic. . Open-circuit rectification. 2.2.2.0... 00 eee eee 230 Opening of cable or transmission line under load................ 112, 118 , of continuous-current circuit... 2.2.66. eee = 26 Open transmission line... 0.0.0.0... eee eee eee ee 209 ; Oscillating-current generator... ........0.0.. 0.0.0 c cece ee eee eee 69, 74 . and charging current........................... 85 high-frequency currents by periodic transient terms........ 220 Oscillation, also see Condenser discharge. free, of circuit... 0.0.0.0... 000. eee ee ee eee eee eens 482, 478 of rotating field in starting....................0...-0.. 197 transmission line........,.............. 322, 333, 336, 338 Oscillatory approach to permanent value.......................2.-. 21 case of alternating circuit.................0- eee ee eee eee 98

• or trigonometric condenser charge and discharge.......... 58 start of condenser on alternating voltage................. 95 Oscillograms of mercury arc rectifier..........-..--00e cece cree ees) 264 of transformer starting current.............-.....-+.-. 190 Output, also see Power. effective, of oscillating-current generator................-.. 81 Overcompounded direct-current generator, building up .............. 149 Overlap of rectifying arcs...........0. 00 ccc eee eee eee cece eee BBL Overreaching of condenser charge..............0.0eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 19 in noninductive branch of inductive circuit............. 181 Oversaturated transformer flux of starting current................--- 181 Penetration, effective depth of, ............. 0. fe cece cece eee ene 405 of alternating current in conductor................. 376, 878 magnetic flux in iron................--...+++++ 361, 368, 365 Period of recurrence............. 00.0 cece cece eee e tet eteeseeee 218 WAVE cece cece cent e teeter eee entteecnnees 483

552 INDEX ;

' PAGE

Periodic transient terms.............. 000: ec ceeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 22, 218

Permanent term of alternating-current circuit....................... 91

values of electric quantities............................. 16

Permeability 2.0.0.0... 0. cece nee ene 9

; apparent, of iron for alternating currents........... 355, 367

Phase difference in transmission line............................... 296

of wave and transient term.................-2.-00+-0-++-. 45, 91

Physical meaning of transient term...............000- cece eee eeees 108

Polyphase alternator short circuit ............................. 202, 204

m.mf., resultant .......0 000.00 cece eee eee eee eee ee 192

‘ rectification.......0.0. 0.00 e cece cece eee e eee eee eeees 230

Potential regulation by periodic transient terms..................... 228

Power of complex circuit... ......0. 0... ccc cece cece eee eee es 513

component of high frequency impedance..................... 412

gradient of electric circuit.............. 20... c cece eee eee 3 electric field .......-. 0... cece ce eee tees = 48 ;

output, effective, of oscillating-current generator............... 81

radiated by conductor..............00... 00 cece cess sees 394, 397

transfer in complex circuit............00 00.00 ccc cece eee eee 521

constant of complex circuit.............-.....000005- 507

Propagation constant of wave .........0 0.06 c eee e eee eee e eee es 44

speed of, of wave . 6.20... 0 6. cece cece eee eee ens 422

field 0.0.00... ccc eee e cece eee eee eee ees 887

Pulsation of rotating field in starting..................000eeeee sees 197 Pyroelectrolytes, resistivities... 0.0.0.0... 2.60 c cee eee eee ee eee 9

Quarter-phase rectification... 0.2... 0.00. ccc eee eee ee eee ees 230

Quarter-wave circuit... 0.0.0.0... 0. ccc ct eee e teen eceee B13

oscillation ........... 00. cece cece ee eee eee ees 483, 489

of complex circuit..................-..... 509

transmission line...................-++- 922

transformer... ... 2.6... cece cece eee cent eee eg s 12

transmission line................ ccc eee eee eee es 306, 315

Quartic equation of divided circuit..... 0.0... cece cece e eee ee 126

Radiation, effective resistance... 2.0.0.0... 0. cece cece cece eee e ees 398

. power of conductor...............cccceeeeeceeceese 893, 397

' resistance of conductor. .............0.eceeereceeeeeeees 408

Rail, effective penetration of alternating current...............----- 378

“return of single-phase system. .......... 0.0 cccceceeeeeeeecees 870

transient effective resistance. ..............0:ceceeeeeeeeeeees 879

Railway, direct-current, transient rail resistance.............+---.+. 379

motor, self-excitation as generator. ..............-s0e5005+ 38

single-phase, rail return. ......... 0... e cece cece eee ee esse 370

Rating of capacity and inductance..............0.cec cece eee eeeeeee 122

resistors, reactors, condensers. ..............cceeeeeeeeeee 69

Ratio of currents, oscillating-current generator..................++.. 82

Reactanece, effective, of external field ..........0.. cece eee cece eee 406

INDEX 553 PAGE Reactance, effective (continued), of internal field .........................0.... 406 of armature reaction ........................-. 200 mutual inductive..............0.. 00... c cece cece ee eee 148 Reaction, armature, and short-circuit current....................... 199 Reactor, size and rating........0. 0.00... ccc cece eee eee eens 69 Rectification, and commutation..............0.0.0.0.0.0 0000 cc eee eee ees 222 BIC. eee eee eee ee eee 249 . by periodic transient terms........................ 22, 221 constant-current.................2.............. 230, 242 potential.............................. 230, 236 open-circuit... 0... eee ence eee aes s 230 quarter-phase..........................0..0-0.. 230, 242 reversal or change of circuit connections............... 221 ‘ short-circuit... 2.66.60. e eae, 280 single-phase ..............................,. 229, 231, 236 Rectifier, mercury arc... . 2.2.0... 0 eee. = 250 oscillograms....................-.......... 264 Rectifying commutator... ............ 60.0. cee cece eee eee ee. 222, 229 Recurrent transient terms..................... 0.0 ccc eee eeeeeeeee. 218 Reflected waves........0..0.0.0 0.200 c cece cece e eer eeeeeeeees, 431 at transition point ........................... 527, 581 Reflection angle'at transition point................................ 627 Of WAVE... ccc eects. 625 Refraction law of wave.... 0.2.0.0... cece ccc eee eect eee eee. §6834 Of WAVE... cette cece e cetera cece B25 ratio at transition point..................2............. 884 Regulation of potential by periodic transient terms.................. 223 Remarfent magnetism in starting transformer....................... 181 Resistance, and starting current of transformer..................... 185 effective, of alternating-current conductor........... 370, 376 of electric circuit. 0.00... cece cece eeeee = 12 radiation, of conductor............................ 893, 403 range in electric circuits......................00..002.. 2B representing power gradient of electric field.............. 6 specific, see Resistivity. thermal, of conductor... ............0 000 e cece eee eee ee 403 Resistivity, numerical values.........0...0 0.0020 c eee eens 8 Resistor, size and rating............... 0000 c cece eee eee eee BY Resonators, Hertzian... 2... 2.6... eee eee eee e ee 888 Resultant polyphase m.mf........0.. 0.0 cee eee ee eee eee 192 time decrement of complex circuit........................ 504 Rise of continuous current in inductive circuit. ..................... 17 voltage by transformation at transition point................ 529 Rotating field, polyphase.........0.... 0... c cee cece nee enna eee 192 Ruhmkorff coil, equations... .......0..0.00 000.0 e eee eens 164

554 INDEX PAGE Salt solution, effective penetration of alternating current............. 378 Saturation, magnetic, numerical values..........................--- 10 and transformer starting current.............. 180 Screening effect of alternating currents............................. 378 Self-excitation of direct-current generator........................... 32 railway motor as generator............. 38 series generator..................... 38 shunt generator..................... 37 Self-inductance in direct-current circuits............................ 26 and short-circuit current of alternator................ 199 Series capacity, distributed..............0... 000.00. cere eee eee ee. 848 generator, self-excitation...........,.........0. cee eee eee. 88 motor, self-excitation as generator.....................-..... 38 Short-circuit current of alternator............................. 199, 201 oscillation of cables and lines.......................118, 118 rectification . 2.1... 0... ee eee ee eee eee ee 229 Shunt generator, self-excitation..............0..........0.....22... 82 motor field excitation, change................0.000eeeeeeeeee 27 Sill. cece cece cc ceneeeeecstrecrvreeveseeres., 892, 304 Silicon, effective penetration of alternating current.................. 378 Sine wave traveling............ 0.0... cece ccc e eee reece eee 434 Single-phase alternator short-circuit........................-...... 202 railway rail return..............0.000.....000...0..-4 870 rectification... 0.0.2.6. 2. eee eee eee eee ee eee 229 Solid magnet poles as mutual inductive circuit................ 155, 158 Space induction, magnetic ...............0 00 ccc cece ee cece eeeee = 10 Spark discharge in cables and lines as periodic transient phenomenon.. 23 of condenser as periodic transient phenomenon....... 22 , . Speed, effect on discharge of motor field........................... 2 propagation in electric cireuit....................0.0..224.. 422 of alternating magnetic flux in iron...........°. 366 Standing waves........... 0... cee 439, 442 and free oscillations... ......2..0.0.0.0.00... 000. eee eee eee ee 482 Starting current of transformer, calculation......................... 188 and frequency..................... 182 magnetic saturation............. 180 . remanent magnetism............ 181 resistance...................... 185 astray field. .................... 184 oscillograms....................... 190 of alternating current... .............0.0. 0000 cece eee eee 8 continuous current......................0 2c eee e eee 2 polyphase or rotating field............................ 192, 197 oscillation of cables and lines..........................111, 117 Static, see Electrostatic. phenomena.............. 0... c ce cee eee eee ee eee ee 18, 105 Stationary waves. ....0.0.. 0. eee eee ne + ABD, 442 ., Steel, effective penetration of alternating current.................... 378 ‘

INDEX 555

/ PAGE

Stored energy of complex circuit..................0. cece eee eee eee SMB

Stranded conductor, effective resistance of current distribution........ 370

Stray field and starting current of transformer...................... 184

Suppression of pulsations of direct current by capacity and inductance. 134

Synchronous reactance and short-circuit current..................... 200 Telegraph, wireless... 0.2.0... 0c cece teen eee eee es 3888 :

cable, submarine, standing waves........................ 454

Telephone .......... 0... c cece eect etter e cece eee 281

circuit, long distance, standing waves.................... 454

Terminal conditions of condenser equations......................... 50

Tesla transformer and oscillating-current generator.................. 82

Thermal resistance of conductor. .............. 0.0000 eee eee cece eee 408 Third harmonic of short-circuit current............................. 218 ‘

Thomson are machine................ 0. e eee cece eee ee eeecees 221, 230

Thunder cloud, lightning discharge in............................-. 350

Time attenuation constant.......... 0.0... eee cece eee tee e es 434

constant, resultant, of complex circuit......................... 504

decrement, resultant, of complex circuit....................... 504

local, of traveling wave..............000 00.02 c cece eee eee eee es 460

Transfer constant of energy, of complex circuit...................... 607

of energy in oscillation of complex circuit.................. 507, 521

Transformation ratio at transition point of wave..................... 629

of voltage and current at transition point............ 529

Transformer, alternating, operating oscillating-current generator....... 87

distributed capacity... ...................-2 eee eens. B42

quarter-wave oscillation.............................. 812

and magnetic saturation ..................... 180

Transient rail resistance with direct current ........................ 986

terms, conditions of their appearance................... 21, 23

of alternating-current circuit....................... 91

capacity and inductance, physical meaning........ 103

fundamental frequency in alternating-current circuit 473

unequal current distribution. .........................-2. 379

Transition period at change of circuit condition..................... 16

points of wave... 6... cee cee eee eee ee 498

Transmission angle at transition point......................0000002. 527

line, characteristic curves..................--2.-22.+. 297

conversion by.............................. 308, 313

equations ........... 00. cece eee eee eee ees 284, 287

approximate.......................... 204

. free oscillation. ./.................00045 322

556 INDEX — PAGE Transmission line (continued), frequency. ..................+++.++ 100, 280, 320, 338 full-wave oscillation....................0.000000. 336 ‘general equations of standing waves........... 449, 452 half-wave oscillation .......................-.--. 333 inductive discharges.........................-.. 542 . infinitely long. ...........0. 06. ccc eee cece eee eee 805 natural period......................2.2++-.. 280, 320 OPEN. 2... eee cee eee eee e eee 299 opening under load......................... 112, 118 phase difference.............. 0... e cece eee eee ees 296 quarter-wave .......................... 3806, 313, 315 oscillation.......................... 822 radiation 0.0.0.0... . ccc cece e ee eee eee eee 283 resonance frequency. ..........-..-.-0.e-eeeee ee 279 with higher harmonics................. 280 short-circuit oscillation ..................... 118, 118 Btarting 2.0.0.0... eee ee eee eee eee ees 111,117 transient terms and oscillations .............. 98, 102 Transmitted wave at transition point.......................... 527, 531 Traveling sine and cosine waves ................. 2. sees eee eee eee 484 waves, general equations ....................2e cece eee eee 458 ; without attenuation, as alternating waves.......... 472 Trigonometric or oscillatory condenser charge and discharge.......... 53 term, see Oscillatory. Turbo alternators, short-circuit current................0cceeeeeeeees 201 Unequal alternating-current distribution in conductor................ 370 transient-current distribution in conductor.................. 379 Velocity, also see Speed. measure of distance.........00. 006 cece cece eee een e es 485 of propagation of electric field............................. 387 Voltage control by transient terms........................0000-04. 223 drop, high frequency conductor...................-.-2-+-. 418 transformation at transition point of wave.................. 529 variation of direct-current generator, with load.............. 149 Voltmeter across inductive circuit, pulsation........................ 182 Water, effective penetration of alternating current................... 378 Wave of alternating magnetism in iron............................ 359 direct or main, and reflected.............0.. ccc ec cece egeeeee 481 length of alternating magnetic flux in iron................ 361,365 minimum, of oscillating current....................... 74 transmission. ... 0.0066 cece eee eee ee Bl Wireless telegraphy...............00.0. cece cece eee e neces ee eee 388 X-ray apparatus, equations. 206.666. eee eee eee eee 82

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