A method of dissociation of water molecules to obtain gaseous hydrogen and oxygen and an equipment to dissociate water molecules

Abstract

The invention applies to the method of production of gaseous hydrogen and oxygen using dissociation of water molecules, which are broken down by the electric force of the electric field the intensity of which is increased unevenly as a part of periodical repetition until the electric field does not pass enough excitation energy to the water molecule. The products of dissociation are stabilised using photons and removed for further use.

Description

A method of dissociating water molecules to obtain gaseous hydrogen and oxygen and a device for dissociating water molecules

Field of technology

A method of producing gaseous hydrogen and oxygen by means of the decomposition of water molecules for subsequent use in the energy industry was also invented, and a device for carrying out the dissociation of water molecules was also invented.

Current state of the art

Currently, I am looking for ways to solve the energy crisis caused by the exclusion of fossil fuels from the energy industry. One of the possible substitutes for fossil fuels is hydrogen gas, which appears to be a suitable candidate for replacing the burning of fossil fuels.

The advantage of hydrogen gas is its spread in the surrounding environment, in the form of water. Each water molecule contains two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. When hydrogen is burned, a large amount of energy is released, and the product of combustion during combustion with oxygen is water vapor. This is a big advantage over fossil fuels, which release greenhouse gases, toxins and dust when burned.

The disadvantage of the mentioned clean gases is their high reactivity, which is very dangerous in the event of improper handling, or in the event of an accident or malfunction. Therefore, it is desirable that clean gases are not stored in large volumes in tanks, but that there is a device and a method for their continuous production before immediate consumption. This would be advantageous, because clean water would be stored in tanks as an input raw material, the possible leakage of which from the tank is a small risk from the point of view of safety.

Another disadvantage of using pure hydrogen and oxygen as a substitute for fossil fuels is the complicated production, because breaking down a water molecule into atoms is a relatively complex process.

An example of a well-known production of hydrogen from water molecules is electrolysis, in which water is mixed with an electrolyte and then a direct current is passed through it. At one of the electrodes, due to the action of the electric current, oxygen will begin to be released from the electrolyte, in addition to other atoms, at the other electrode, hydrogen will begin to be released from the electrolyte, in addition to other atoms. It is undesirable that during electrolysis, the remaining atoms bind to other present atoms, especially to the atoms of the electrode material, and coatings are formed that can act as an electro-insulating material, making further electrolysis difficult. It is also inadvisable to work with direct current, which is very life-threatening even at low voltage levels. Last but not least, it is inconvenient that it is necessary to use an electrolyte and electrodes, which complicates the consideration of just using water as the only input raw material in the process of hydrogen and oxygen production.

The scope of the invention is to create a method of producing hydrogen and oxygen from water molecules, which would be energy efficient, which would enable the processing of water into gaseous components just before their consumption, which would not require additional raw materials, and further, the scope of the invention is to create a device for carrying out the invented method .

The essence of the invention

The set task is solved using the method of dissociation of water molecules to obtain gaseous hydrogen and oxygen according to the invention mentioned below.

The essence of the invented method lies in the procedural steps:

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a) water is poured between the electrodes to form an electric capacitor in which water replaces the dielectric.

b) a non-linearly increasing electric field is generated between the electrodes by plugging the capacitor into a series-connected tuned LC circuit, until the breakdown of some water molecules into hydrogen gas and oxygen gas, whereby gas ions are stabilized by photon irradiation. By inserting a capacitor into a series-connected tuned LC circuit, it is possible to generate an electric field between the electrodes, the strength of which, thanks to high-frequency charging and discharging, increases gradually, but non-linearly, which causes stress on the water molecules, whereby some of the molecules receive excitation energy due to the strong action of the electric field, but causes disintegration into electrically charged atoms of gaseous elements. So that the bound ions do not have a tendency to react immediately, they are given the missing charge to interact with photons.

c) gaseous elements are removed outside the condenser space. Gaseous elements are actively removed so that the concentration of gaseous elements does not increase so much that they combine together again.

In the framework of the method, steps b) and c) are repeated, but in the framework of step b), the parameters of the unevenly growing electric field are adjusted according to the current electrical capacity of the capacitor determined by the amount of water present between the electrodes. The amount of water changes with the breakdown of molecules, which changes the parameters of the capacitor, which affects the parameters of the generated electric field.

The charging and discharging frequency of the electric charge in the capacitor ranges from 50 kHz to 1 MHz. At the same time, it is advantageous if the frequency increases with the increasing electrical conductivity of the water. Whereas distilled water is a poor conductor of electric current and can represent the dielectric of the capacitor even at lower frequencies, e.g. sea water with salt ions is a good conductor of electric current, and therefore a much higher frequency of charge and discharge of the electric charge in the capacitor must be used in order to reach to the arrangement of molecules and ions leading to an increase in electrical resistance in the area of the dielectric, the so-called capacitance, which causes a decrease in electrical conductivity.

It is preferable if the photons for stabilization come from UV light.

The invention also includes a device for dissociating water molecules to obtain gaseous hydrogen and oxygen by the invented method.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the device consists of a reactor and a high-frequency source of electric voltage. The reactor serves for the process of dissociation of water molecules, while the high-frequency source of electric voltage serves to initialize the generation of the electric field acting on water molecules.

The reactor includes a hermetically sealed container made of electrically inert material. The hermetically sealed container prevents hydrogen from suddenly igniting with air, and at the same time protects against electric shock. Furthermore, the reactor has at least two tubular electrodes which are mutually concentrically arranged and have gaps between them. The concentric arrangement of the electrodes basically copies the established design of capacitors, where the electrodes are wound in layers on top of each other, whereby the layers are interspersed with dielectric. In the case of a reactor, the dielectric becomes water, which fills the gaps between the electrodes. The electrodes are in a hermetically sealed reactor vessel. Another part of the reactor is at least one light source for irradiating the space inside the reactor with photons that stabilize the ions from the decayed molecules. At the same time, the reactor is equipped with at least one outlet for gaseous elements. The high-frequency source of electric voltage must be electrically connected in series to the electrodes of the reactor to create an LC circuit.

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The construction of the device is simple, but effective. The concentric electrodes create enough gaps to be flooded with water, and thanks to their arrangement, they can act on the water with a complete electric field. The reactor is safe and its size can be dimensioned as needed.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the high-frequency source of electric voltage is a source with feedback reading of the operating frequency. Thanks to the feedback reading, the operating frequency automatically reaches the setting of the parameters in the LC circuit, so the capacity of the capacitor does not have to be actively measured and the source actively re-adjusted afterwards. This is important, because the process of dissociation of water molecules in the reactor is always essentially unique and continuously changes over time, and it is therefore important that the high-frequency source reacts automatically at high speed to the change in capacitor capacity.

Advantageously, the reactor is equipped with at least one water supply for continuous water replenishment and uninterrupted operation.

It is also advantageous if the light source is made up of a light emitting diode, preferably a UV light emitting diode. Light-emitting diodes produce less waste heat than classic fiber light sources. In addition, they are suitable for miniaturization and are durable. UV light-emitting diodes produce light of a wavelength that has been shown in current experiments to be the most optimal for stabilizing ions from dissolved water molecules.

The advantages of the invention include the fact that the electrical decomposition of water molecules occurs without the need for other raw materials to enter. The breakdown of water molecules using an electric field is resistant to the effects of electromagnetic fields that could cause interference, at the same time, within the scope of the invention, no discharges occur, so there is no danger of trapping free gases. The invented device is structurally simple, but its operation is maximally efficient.

Clarification of the drawing

Said invention will be explained in more detail in the following drawings, where:

Fig. 1 shows in a simplified graphic a periodically recurring increase in the electric voltage supplied to the electrodes of the capacitor, Fig. 2 shows a simplified model of the reactor of the device, Fig. 3 shows a bottom view of the reactor model from Fig. 2.

An example of the implementation of the invention

It is understood that the specific embodiments of the invention described and shown below are presented for illustration, not as a limitation of the invention to the listed examples. Those skilled in the art will find or be able to find, using routine experimentation, a greater or lesser number of equivalents to the specific embodiments of the invention described herein.

The dissociation of water molecules is achieved by the fact that water molecules are repeatedly exposed to a rather extreme electric field with a changing tendency, which can provide the atoms of the molecule with the necessary excitation energy to overcome their mutual bond.

The electric field must increase to its value non-linearly so that the molecules are energetically strained by the increase and decrease of the field. From a macroscopic layman's point of view, for an easier idea of the effect, the water molecules must be vibrated with increasing intensity until the hydrogen atoms bounce off the oxygen atom.

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The electric field is generated between the electrodes of the capacitor, whose dielectric is actually water. The non-linear increase in electric voltage, which directly proportionally affects the electric charge on the capacitor electrodes, is shown in Fig. 1. As can be seen from the picture, the electric voltage reaches a certain limit, then decreases, then reaches a slightly higher limit, and this is repeated until electrons will not be released from the water molecules during their dissociation, which will momentarily turn on the drop in electric voltage below the horizontal axis of Fig. 1.

This process is constantly repeated as long as water is present between the electrodes of the capacitor and as long as there is a need to produce gaseous elements.

The frequency of the rise and fall of the electric voltage is adjusted in Fig. 1 to facilitate the understanding of the method, but in reality the operating frequency ranges from 50 kHz to 1 MHz, which means up to 1,000,000 repetitions of the phenomenon in one second. This extreme stress on the bonds in the water molecules causes them to break up. In addition, it was verified that the conductivity of the water located between the electrodes decreases with increasing frequency. This is important, because it is possible to process any water, not just distilled. Thanks to the higher frequencies, the electric charge is concentrated at the electrodes of the capacitor and an inactive area is formed in the gap between the plates from the point of view of electrical conductivity. Practical experiments with a laboratory reactor showed that a frequency of up to 280 kHz is sufficient for distilled water, a frequency from 720 kHz to 1 MHz was usable for salted water with table salt with a salinity of 5%, while for tap water, frequencies in the range from 430 kHz to 650 kHz.

As for the amplitude of the working electric voltage, it depends on several factors. First of all, it depends on the properties of the treated water, then on the surface of the capacitor electrodes and on the distance of the capacitor electrode surfaces from each other, then on the amount and temperature of water, then on the degree of dissociation of water molecules, etc.

For this reason, the capacitor is connected to a tuned LC circuit, which thanks to tuning responds to the immediate requirements of the system to generate the required extreme electric field. The advantage of the LC circuit is that, when it reaches resonance, the electric charge in the electrodes can be discharged and charged with the required frequency, whereby the size of the electric charge can be increased according to the tendency shown in Fig. 1. The power source of the LC circuit is so-called feedback, coz means that it reacts to changes by itself. A feedback coil is used in the source, which closes the tube of the source during charging, which causes the frequency to fluctuate. It is not possible to rule out the use of a controlled resource, but such a solution appears at first glance to be unnecessarily complex.

The water can gradually decrease and the source reacts to this automatically, or it can be continuously replenished, with which the source will again deal with it on the basis of the aforementioned principle.

Since the dissociation of water molecules releases an electric charge in the form of electrons that are drawn to one of the capacitor electrodes, it is necessary to stabilize the ions of gaseous elements so that they do not recombine into other new water molecules. The electric charge is supplied to the ions by irradiation with photons, ideally UV light, whose photons have enough energy for stabilization, whereby the only thing that needs to happen is that the gas ion is hit by a photon of UV radiation. It is also possible to use photons of light of the visible spectrum, or energy particles from sources other than light.

Fig. 2 shows the reactor 1 of the device for the production of hydrogen by dissociating water molecules. Reactor 1 has a hermetically sealed plexiglass container 2, which has a cylindrical shape and is closed with two flanges. Inside the hermetically sealed container 2, there are electrodes 3 of a tubular shape, which are concentrically arranged and have spaces between them for flooding with water. Electrode 3 with a tubular shape is five in total, as can be seen in Fig. 3.

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In Fig. 2 and 3, holes 4 for gas discharge and hole 5 for continuous water supply are visible.

The high-frequency source of electric voltage is basically built from a Tesla transformer, which works on the resonance principle. An important part of the source is an electronic 5 high-frequency oscillator, from which the high-frequency voltage is introduced into the electrodes of the capacitor, while in the commonly used Tesla transformer, the voltage is introduced to the coil to generate secondary discharges, e.g. in the framework of testing the insulation strength of materials. The damped spark oscillator is designed for feedback, so that it can respond to changes in the capacitor capacity of reactor 1 and remain in resonance.

Industrial usability

The method and device for the dissociation of water molecules to obtain gaseous hydrogen and oxygen according to the invention 15 find application in the energy industry.

Claims

1. A method of dissociating water molecules to obtain gaseous hydrogen and oxygen, including sequential steps: a) water is poured between the electrodes to create an electric capacitor in which water acts as a dielectric, b) a non-linearly increasing electric field is generated between the electrodes by plugging the capacitor into a series-connected tuned of the LC circuit, until the breakdown of some water molecules into gaseous hydrogen and gaseous oxygen, c) the gaseous elements are removed outside the condenser space, after which the procedural steps b) and c) are repeated, characterized by the fact that in the framework of the procedural step b) the ions I stabilize the gas by irradiating photons, and further that in step b) the parameters of the unevenly growing electric field are adjusted according to the current electric capacity of the capacitor determined by the amount of water present between the electrodes, and at the same time the charging frequency of the electric charge in the capacitor ranges from 50 kHz to 1 MHz .

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the stabilization of the ions by irradiation with photons is carried out with the help of a light source.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized by the fact that UV radiation is used.

4. Device for the dissociation of water molecules to obtain gaseous hydrogen and oxygen by the method according to one of claims 1 to 3 consisting of a reactor (1) and a high-frequency source of electric voltage, whereby the reactor (1) includes a hermetically sealed container (2) made of an electrically inert material, at least two electrodes (3) of a tubular shape, which are mutually concentrically arranged, and which are inserted into the hermetically sealed container (2) of the reactor (1), whereby the reactor (1) is provided with at least one opening (4) for the removal of gaseous elements, and at the same time the high-frequency source of electric voltage is electrically connected in series to the electrodes (3) of the reactor (1), characterized by the fact that the reactor includes at least one light source for irradiating the space inside the reactor (1) with photons.

5. Device according to claim 4, characterized in that the light source is formed by light-emitting diodes.

6. Device according to claim 5, characterized in that the light source is formed by a UV light emitting diode.