Bench
1,304 published findings from the ongoing work — what has been established, calculated and observed at the bench, each traceable to the session that produced it.
established WFC
Natural water is stated to have a dielectric constant of 78.54 at 20°C and 1 atmosphere pressure, per CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, which underlies the capacitance of the water capacitor form...
established WFC
A preferred construction material for the water capacitor plates is Stainless Steel T-304, chosen because it is non-chemically reactive with water, hydrogen, or oxygen.
established WFC
The first stage employs a capacitor in which water is the dielectric liquid between capacitor plates, included in a resonant charging choke circuit consisting of an inductance in series with the capac...
established WFC
At an applied potential difference of 2000 to 5000 volts to the cell, an amp spike or surge may be caused by inconsistencies in water characteristics producing an out-of-resonance condition, which the...
established VIC
Figure 4's control means directs 0-12 volts across the primary coil of the pulsing core, and depending on core design parameters, the secondary coil can be set up for a predetermined maximum voltage s...
established WFC confidence 0.80
Larger resonant cavities and higher rates of water conversion require higher operating frequencies, such as up to 50 KHz and above, with correspondingly increased pulsing rate to sustain the higher co...
established WFC
In typical operation with the representative water capacitor (0.5in rod, 0.75in cylinder, 3.0in length), at about 5 KHz with unipolar pulses from 0 to 650 volts at sensed resonance, conversion of abou...
established WFC
The resonant scanning circuit (Figure 8) scans frequency from high to low to high, e.g. 0 Hz to 10 KHz to 0 Hz, until signal lock; water contaminants of 1-20 ppm cause about 20% variance in resonant f...
established VIC
Assuming a resonant pulse of 5 KHz, a 0.5 Hz gate pulse may be superimposed to provide 2500 discrete pulses in a 50% duty cycle per Hz, illustrating how the gate pulse frequency generator (Figure 6) c...
established VIC
In the VIC pulsing core, the coils are preferably wound in the same direction to maximize the additive effect of the electromagnetic field, and the transformer core acts as a pulse frequency doubler.
established VIC
The high speed switching diode used in the VIC circuit (Figure 10) prevents charge leakage from the water capacitor and ensures uni-polar pulses without discharging the capacitor; a 600 PIV fast switc...
established VIC
Voltage to the water capacitor cell increases according to coil turns and size as in a standard transformer; for example, 12 volts to the primary coil with a 30:1 secondary/resonant-charging-choke tur...
established WFC
At startup, current draw through the water cell measures about 25 milliamps; once the circuit finds a tuned resonant condition, current drops to a 1-2 milliamp minimum leakage condition.
established WFC
A typical water capacitor cell is formed from a 0.5 inch diameter stainless steel rod concentrically within a 0.75 inch inside diameter cylinder, extending about 3.0 inches, and tunes to resonance typ...
established WFC
A gas pressure sensor in the enclosed water capacitor cavity (which includes a gas outlet) is connected to the control circuit to determine gas production rate relative to ambient pressure, and the ga...
established VIC
A pickup coil on the ferromagnetic/electromagnetic transformer core senses the resonant condition of the water capacitor and is interconnected to a scanning circuit and phase lock loop (PLL) circuit t...
established VIC
The pulse generation means includes an adjustable first resonant frequency generator and a second gated pulse frequency generator; the gate pulse controls the number of resonant-frequency pulses sent...
established WFC
When resonance is achieved in the water capacitor, the atomic bond of the water molecule is broken and current (amp) draw from the power source is minimized while voltage across the water capacitor in...
established VIC
The secondary (TX2) transformer is connected to the resonant cavity water capacitor cell via a high speed switching diode and resonant charging chokes (TX4, TX5), forming a closed loop circuit that us...
established confidence 0.80
Sensors in the engine system (FIG. 2) monitor air pressure and temperature, which affect the dilution of the hydrogen fuel mixture.
established WFC
When used with a water fuel cell per U.S. Pat. No. 4,936,961, the preferred management system includes a pulse generator for fuel gas production and a phase lock loop circuit that detects and scans a...
established
Quenching tubes are formed as a plurality of microcell-type conduits from 0.015 to 0.025 inch in diameter, formed within a solid length having an outer diameter of approximately 0.378 inch (FIG. 5); t...
established
Distribution of hydrogen gas (or the fuel gas mixture) is accomplished via 'quenching tubes' (FIGS. 5 and 5B), a conduit of discrete small volumes formed in an open cell porous material within an othe...
established
Introducing ambient air as a dilutent can create excess oxygen (itself acting as a non-combustible dilutent), which may produce undesirable NOx; this is mitigated by substituting more exhaust gas rath...
established
The gas meter control providing uniform delivery of the fuel gas mixture is driven by pulse signals generated by the distributor corresponding to each cycle of the engine.
established WFC
The quantity of fuel gas mixture introduced to the cylinder per intake cycle remains constant regardless of engine RPM, even though the rate of hydrogen production by the fuel cell must increase with...
established
Non-combustible gases (ambient air or recycled exhaust gas including water vapor) are added to the hydrogen fuel gas mixture to dilute hydrogen concentration, reducing the burn rate to approximate tha...
established WFC
The fuel gas mixture produced by the water fuel cell intrinsically includes the optimum 2:1 ratio of hydrogen to oxygen, which must be maintained uniformly across engine operating speeds to control bu...
established WFC confidence 0.80
Per U.S. Pat. No. 4,936,961, the gas mixture produced comprises hydrogen, oxygen, and other formerly-entrapped gases that were dissolved in the water from which the hydrogen/oxygen mixture was release...
established
Ionized non-combustible gases from the air processor (102) are mixed with non-combustible engine exhaust gases (103) introduced at exhaust gate 15, then combined in the intake manifold (35) with gas f...